外键列表及其在 Oracle DB 中引用的表
我试图找到一个查询，它将返回一个表的外键列表以及它们引用的表和列。我已经到了一半
SELECT a.table_name,
a.column_name,
a.constraint_name,
c.owner
FROM ALL_CONS_COLUMNS A, ALL_CONSTRAINTS C
where A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
and a.table_name=:TableName
and C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R'
但是我仍然需要知道这个键引用了哪个表和主键。我怎么会得到那个？
@MenelaosVergis 的回答对我来说做得很好，很容易 - stackoverflow.com/a/15364469/1579667
h
hakamairi
引用的主键在表 ALL_CONSTRAINTS 的 r_owner 和 r_constraint_name 列中进行了描述。这将为您提供所需的信息：
SELECT a.table_name, a.column_name, a.constraint_name, c.owner,
-- referenced pk
c.r_owner, c_pk.table_name r_table_name, c_pk.constraint_name r_pk
FROM all_cons_columns a
JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
JOIN all_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'
AND a.table_name = :TableName
请注意，上面的代码没有考虑复合外键。请参阅@Dougman 下面的答案，了解如何计算复合键。
@xkrz 复合外键，就像在多列上定义的外键一样？我看不出上面的查询如何不考虑它们！
@VincentMalgrat，抱歉，我的错误。我试图使用您的代码列出引用的“TableName + ColumnName”而不是约束名称，这不是您的代码所做的。
困扰我的是 c.owner 不是第一列。除了优秀:)
@roshan 既然你提到它，列顺序感觉有点奇怪:) 显然五年前我不会想到这个答案会被这么多人看到！
T
Touchstone
尝试这个：
select * from all_constraints where r_constraint_name in (select constraint_name
from all_constraints where table_name='YOUR_TABLE_NAME');
目前还不完全清楚 OP 真正想要做什么（对我来说），但这个答案对我来说很完美（而且更简单）来回答这个问题：“我如何在 Oracle 中获取引用我指定的特定表的外键？ ”。使用 constraint_name 我可以进行分析。提示：添加“owner='MY_SCHEMA_HERE'”以澄清结果。很好。
D
Doug Porter
这是我们使用的通用脚本，非常方便。
保存它，以便您可以直接执行它 (@fkeys.sql)。它将允许您按所有者和父表或子表搜索并显示外键关系。当前脚本确实显式假脱机到 C:\SQLRPTS，因此您需要创建将该行更改为您想要使用的内容的文件夹。
REM ########################################################################
REM ##
REM ## fkeys.sql
REM ##
REM ## Displays the foreign key relationships
REM ##
REM #######################################################################
CLEAR BREAK
CLEAR COL
SET LINES 200
SET PAGES 54
SET NEWPAGE 0
SET WRAP OFF
SET VERIFY OFF
SET FEEDBACK OFF
break on table_name skip 2 on constraint_name on r_table_name skip 1
column CHILDCOL format a60 head 'CHILD COLUMN'
column PARENTCOL format a60 head 'PARENT COLUMN'
column constraint_name format a30 head 'FK CONSTRAINT NAME'
column delete_rule format a15
column bt noprint
column bo noprint
TTITLE LEFT _DATE CENTER 'FOREIGN KEY RELATIONSHIPS ON &new_prompt' RIGHT 'PAGE:'FORMAT 999 SQL.PNO SKIP 2
SPOOL C:\SQLRPTS\FKeys_&new_prompt
ACCEPT OWNER_NAME PROMPT 'Enter Table Owner (or blank for all): '
ACCEPT PARENT_TABLE_NAME PROMPT 'Enter Parent Table or leave blank for all: '
ACCEPT CHILD_TABLE_NAME PROMPT 'Enter Child Table or leave blank for all: '
select b.owner || '.' || b.table_name || '.' || b.column_name CHILDCOL,
b.position,
c.owner || '.' || c.table_name || '.' || c.column_name PARENTCOL,
a.constraint_name,
a.delete_rule,
b.table_name bt,
b.owner bo
from all_cons_columns b,
all_cons_columns c,
all_constraints a
where b.constraint_name = a.constraint_name
and a.owner = b.owner
and b.position = c.position
and c.constraint_name = a.r_constraint_name
and c.owner = a.r_owner
and a.constraint_type = 'R'
and c.owner like case when upper('&OWNER_NAME') is null then '%'
else upper('&OWNER_NAME') end
and c.table_name like case when upper('&PARENT_TABLE_NAME') is null then '%'
else upper('&PARENT_TABLE_NAME') end
and b.table_name like case when upper('&CHILD_TABLE_NAME') is null then '%'
else upper('&CHILD_TABLE_NAME') end
order by 7,6,4,2
/
SPOOL OFF
TTITLE OFF
SET FEEDBACK ON
SET VERIFY ON
CLEAR BREAK
CLEAR COL
SET PAGES 24
SET LINES 100
SET NEWPAGE 1
UNDEF OWNER
u
user2323623
这将遍历给定表和列的外键层次结构，并从子表和孙表以及所有后代表返回列。它使用子查询将 r_table_name 和 r_column_name 添加到 user_constraints，然后使用它们连接行。
select distinct table_name, constraint_name, column_name, r_table_name, position, constraint_type
from (
SELECT uc.table_name,
uc.constraint_name,
cols.column_name,
(select table_name from user_constraints where constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name)
r_table_name,
(select column_name from user_cons_columns where constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name and position = cols.position)
r_column_name,
cols.position,
uc.constraint_type
FROM user_constraints uc
inner join user_cons_columns cols on uc.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name
where constraint_type != 'C'
)
start with table_name = 'MY_TABLE_NAME' and column_name = 'MY_COLUMN_NAME'
connect by nocycle
prior table_name = r_table_name
and prior column_name = r_column_name;
G
Ganbat Bayarbaatar
这是另一种解决方案。使用 sys 的默认视图非常慢（在我的情况下大约 10 秒）。这比这快得多（大约 0.5 秒）。
SELECT
CONST.NAME AS CONSTRAINT_NAME,
RCONST.NAME AS REF_CONSTRAINT_NAME,
OBJ.NAME AS TABLE_NAME,
COALESCE(ACOL.NAME, COL.NAME) AS COLUMN_NAME,
CCOL.POS# AS POSITION,
ROBJ.NAME AS REF_TABLE_NAME,
COALESCE(RACOL.NAME, RCOL.NAME) AS REF_COLUMN_NAME,
RCCOL.POS# AS REF_POSITION
FROM SYS.CON$ CONST
INNER JOIN SYS.CDEF$ CDEF ON CDEF.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ CCOL ON CCOL.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ COL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = COL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = COL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ OBJ ON CCOL.OBJ# = OBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ ACOL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = ACOL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = ACOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.CON$ RCONST ON RCONST.CON# = CDEF.RCON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ RCCOL ON RCCOL.CON# = RCONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ RCOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RCOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RCOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ ROBJ ON RCCOL.OBJ# = ROBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ RACOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RACOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RACOL.INTCOL#)
WHERE CONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
AND RCONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
AND CDEF.TYPE# = 4 /* 'R' Referential/Foreign Key */;
这在 Oracle 10g 中对我不起作用。
"_CURRENT_EDITION_OBJ" 无法识别。
您好，将
SYS."_CURRENT_EDITION_OBJ" 替换为 SYS.OBJ$。它将在 10g 和 11g 上运行。并确保您有足够的特权。我也用 SYS.OBJ$ 改变了我的答案。
如何在此语句中包含模式（OWNER）（作为字符串 fe SYSTEM）？
M
Menelaos Vergis
如果您需要用户的所有外键，请使用以下脚本
SELECT a.constraint_name, a.table_name, a.column_name, c.owner,
c_pk.table_name r_table_name, b.column_name r_column_name
FROM user_cons_columns a
JOIN user_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
JOIN user_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
JOIN user_cons_columns b ON C_PK.owner = b.owner
AND C_PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME = b.constraint_name AND b.POSITION = a.POSITION
WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'
基于文森特马尔格拉特代码
它似乎没有返回用户约束，只返回 TABLE_NAME 和 R_TABLE_NAME 中的 WRM$_SNAPSHOT 和 WRM$_DATABASE_INSTANCE。
f
fantaghirocco
我知道现在回答有点晚了，但还是让我回答吧，上面的一些答案非常复杂，因此这里有一个更简单的方法。
SELECT a.table_name child_table, a.column_name child_column, a.constraint_name,
b.table_name parent_table, b.column_name parent_column
FROM all_cons_columns a
JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
join all_cons_columns b on c.owner = b.owner and c.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name
WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'
AND a.table_name = 'your table name'
这为我返回了多个重复的行。我向它添加了 DISTINCT，它清除了它。
D
D.Zotov
回答有点晚了，但我希望我的回答对需要选择复合外键的人有用。
SELECT
"C"."CONSTRAINT_NAME",
"C"."OWNER" AS "SCHEMA_NAME",
"C"."TABLE_NAME",
"COL"."COLUMN_NAME",
"REF_COL"."OWNER" AS "REF_SCHEMA_NAME",
"REF_COL"."TABLE_NAME" AS "REF_TABLE_NAME",
"REF_COL"."COLUMN_NAME" AS "REF_COLUMN_NAME"
FROM
"USER_CONSTRAINTS" "C"
INNER JOIN "USER_CONS_COLUMNS" "COL" ON "COL"."OWNER" = "C"."OWNER"
AND "COL"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" = "C"."CONSTRAINT_NAME"
INNER JOIN "USER_CONS_COLUMNS" "REF_COL" ON "REF_COL"."OWNER" = "C"."R_OWNER"
AND "REF_COL"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" = "C"."R_CONSTRAINT_NAME"
AND "REF_COL"."POSITION" = "COL"."POSITION"
WHERE "C"."TABLE_NAME" = 'TableName' AND "C"."CONSTRAINT_TYPE" = 'R'
M
Muhammad Bilal
SELECT a.table_name, a.column_name, a.constraint_name, c.owner,
-- referenced pk
c.r_owner, c_pk.table_name r_table_name, c_pk.constraint_name r_pk
FROM all_cons_columns a
JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
JOIN all_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'
AND a.table_name :=TABLE_NAME
AND c.owner :=OWNER_NAME;
J
J. Chomel
如果想创建从 UAT 环境表到 Live 的 FK 约束，请在动态查询下方触发.....
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE '||OBJ.NAME||' ADD CONSTRAINT '||CONST.NAME||' FOREIGN KEY ('||COALESCE(ACOL.NAME, COL.NAME)||') REFERENCES '
||ROBJ.NAME ||' ('||COALESCE(RACOL.NAME, RCOL.NAME) ||');'
FROM SYS.CON$ CONST
INNER JOIN SYS.CDEF$ CDEF ON CDEF.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ CCOL ON CCOL.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ COL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = COL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = COL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ OBJ ON CCOL.OBJ# = OBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ ACOL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = ACOL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = ACOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.CON$ RCONST ON RCONST.CON# = CDEF.RCON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ RCCOL ON RCCOL.CON# = RCONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ RCOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RCOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RCOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ ROBJ ON RCCOL.OBJ# = ROBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ RACOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RACOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RACOL.INTCOL#)
WHERE CONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
AND RCONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
AND CDEF.TYPE# = 4
AND OBJ.NAME = <table_name>;
试着解释一下你的代码......只是给出代码更像是做功课。
F
Francisco M
我的版本，以我的拙见，更具可读性：
SELECT PARENT.TABLE_NAME "PARENT TABLE_NAME"
, PARENT.CONSTRAINT_NAME "PARENT PK CONSTRAINT"
, '->' " "
, CHILD.TABLE_NAME "CHILD TABLE_NAME"
, CHILD.COLUMN_NAME "CHILD COLUMN_NAME"
, CHILD.CONSTRAINT_NAME "CHILD CONSTRAINT_NAME"
FROM ALL_CONS_COLUMNS CHILD
, ALL_CONSTRAINTS CT
, ALL_CONSTRAINTS PARENT
WHERE CHILD.OWNER = CT.OWNER
AND CT.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R'
AND CHILD.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CT.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND CT.R_OWNER = PARENT.OWNER
AND CT.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PARENT.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND CHILD.TABLE_NAME = ::table -- table name variable
AND CT.OWNER = ::owner; -- schema variable, could not be needed
为了使它工作，我不得不用
: 改变 :: 和用 tabl 改变 table
是的，你说得对，我是使用 WinSQL 实现的，变量识别使用 :: 而不是 :，就像在 SQLDeveloper 中一样，您必须只使用 : 将文本记为变量。抱歉，如果不是很清楚。
j
jps
我使用了下面的代码，它达到了我的目的-
SELECT fk.owner, fk.table_name, col.column_name
FROM dba_constraints pk, dba_constraints fk, dba_cons_columns col
WHERE pk.constraint_name = fk.r_constraint_name
AND fk.constraint_name = col.constraint_name
AND pk.owner = col.owner
AND pk.owner = fk.owner
AND fk.constraint_type = 'R'
AND pk.owner = sys_context('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA')
AND pk.table_name = :my_table
AND pk.constraint_type = 'P';
A
ALIRA
select d.table_name,
d.constraint_name "Primary Constraint Name",
b.constraint_name "Referenced Constraint Name"
from user_constraints d,
(select c.constraint_name,
c.r_constraint_name,
c.table_name
from user_constraints c
where table_name='EMPLOYEES' --your table name instead of EMPLOYEES
and constraint_type='R') b
where d.constraint_name=b.r_constraint_name
请在您的解决方案中写下您所做的事情。谢谢你。
@LeonidGlanz，这与我在解决方案中所做的相同，除了“表名”，我不明白你的意思......
您可以根据需要将
user_constraints 更改为 all_constraints。
您也可以删除考虑表名的 where 子句。
constraint_type = 'R' 过滤约束以仅显示关系约束。
S
Siavash
WITH reference_view AS
(SELECT a.owner, a.table_name, a.constraint_name, a.constraint_type,
a.r_owner, a.r_constraint_name, b.column_name
FROM dba_constraints a, dba_cons_columns b
WHERE a.owner LIKE UPPER ('SYS') AND
a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND constraint_type = 'R'),
constraint_view AS
(SELECT a.owner a_owner, a.table_name, a.column_name, b.owner b_owner,
b.constraint_name
FROM dba_cons_columns a, dba_constraints b
WHERE a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND b.constraint_type = 'P'
AND a.owner LIKE UPPER ('SYS')
)
SELECT
rv.table_name FK_Table , rv.column_name FK_Column ,
CV.table_name PK_Table , rv.column_name PK_Column , rv.r_constraint_name Constraint_Name
FROM reference_view rv, constraint_view CV
WHERE rv.r_constraint_name = CV.constraint_name AND rv.r_owner = CV.b_owner;
S
Siavash
对于加载用户表（外键列表和它们引用的表）
WITH
reference_view AS
(SELECT a.owner, a.table_name, a.constraint_name, a.constraint_type,
a.r_owner, a.r_constraint_name, b.column_name
FROM dba_constraints a, dba_cons_columns b
WHERE
a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND constraint_type = 'R'),
constraint_view AS
(SELECT a.owner a_owner, a.table_name, a.column_name, b.owner b_owner,
b.constraint_name
FROM dba_cons_columns a, dba_constraints b
WHERE a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND b.constraint_type = 'P'
) ,
usertableviewlist AS
(
select TABLE_NAME from user_tables
)
SELECT
rv.table_name FK_Table , rv.column_name FK_Column ,
CV.table_name PK_Table , rv.column_name PK_Column , rv.r_constraint_name Constraint_Name
FROM reference_view rv, constraint_view CV , usertableviewlist UTable
WHERE rv.r_constraint_name = CV.constraint_name AND rv.r_owner = CV.b_owner And UTable.TABLE_NAME = rv.table_name;
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