trying to upgrade to Rails 4.2, using delayed_job_active_record. I've not set the delayed_job backend for test environment as thought that way jobs would execute straight away.
I'm trying to test the new 'deliver_later' method with RSpec, but I'm not sure how.
Old controller code:
ServiceMailer.delay.new_user(@user)
New controller code:
ServiceMailer.new_user(@user).deliver_later
I USED to test it like so:
expect(ServiceMailer).to receive(:new_user).with(@user).and_return(double("mailer", :deliver => true))
Now I get errors using that. (Double "mailer" received unexpected message :deliver_later with (no args))
Just
expect(ServiceMailer).to receive(:new_user)
fails too with 'undefined method `deliver_later' for nil:NilClass'
I've tried some examples that allow you to see if jobs are enqueued using test_helper in ActiveJob but I haven't managed to test that the correct job is queued.
expect(enqueued_jobs.size).to eq(1)
This passes if the test_helper is included, but it doesn't allow me to check it is the correct email that is being sent.
What I want to do is:
test that the correct email is queued (or executed straight away in test env)
with the correct parameters (@user)
Any ideas?? thanks
If I understand you correctly, you could do:
message_delivery = instance_double(ActionMailer::MessageDelivery)
expect(ServiceMailer).to receive(:new_user).with(@user).and_return(message_delivery)
allow(message_delivery).to receive(:deliver_later)
The key thing is that you need to somehow provide a double for deliver_later
.
Using ActiveJob and rspec-rails
3.4+, you could use have_enqueued_job
like this:
expect {
YourMailer.your_method.deliver_later
# or any other method that eventually would trigger mail enqueuing
}.to(
have_enqueued_job.on_queue('mailers').with(
# `with` isn't mandatory, but it will help if you want to make sure is
# the correct enqueued mail.
'YourMailer', 'your_method', 'deliver_now', any_param_you_want_to_check
)
)
also double check in config/environments/test.rb
you have:
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :test
Another option would be to run inline jobs:
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :inline
But keep in mind this would affect the overall performance of your test suite, as all your jobs will run as soon as they're enqueued.
have_enqueued_mail
for now, relishapp.com/rspec-staging/rspec-rails/docs/matchers/…
If you find this question but are using ActiveJob rather than simply DelayedJob on its own, and are using Rails 5, I recommend configuring ActionMailer in config/environments/test.rb
:
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :inline
(this was the default behavior prior to Rails 5)
I will add my answer because none of the others was good enough for me:
1) There is no need to mock the Mailer: Rails basically does that already for you.
2) There is no need to really trigger the creation of the email: this will consume time and slow down your test!
That's why in environments/test.rb
you should have the following options set:
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :test
Again: don't deliver your emails using deliver_now
but always use deliver_later
. That prevents your users from waiting for the effective delivering of the email. If you don't have sidekiq
, sucker_punch
, or any other in production, simply use config.active_job.queue_adapter = :async
. And either async
or inline
for development environment.
Given the following configuration for the testing environment, you emails will always be enqueued and never executed for delivery: this prevents your from mocking them and you can check that they are enqueued correctly.
In you tests, always split the test in two: 1) One unit test to check that the email is enqueued correctly and with the correct parameters 2) One unit test for the mail to check that the subject, sender, receiver and content are correct.
Given the following scenario:
class User
after_update :send_email
def send_email
ReportMailer.update_mail(id).deliver_later
end
end
Write a test to check the email is enqueued correctly:
include ActiveJob::TestHelper
expect { user.update(name: 'Hello') }.to have_enqueued_job(ActionMailer::DeliveryJob).with('ReportMailer', 'update_mail', 'deliver_now', user.id)
and write a separate test for your email
Rspec.describe ReportMailer do
describe '#update_email' do
subject(:mailer) { described_class.update_email(user.id) }
it { expect(mailer.subject).to eq 'whatever' }
...
end
end
You have tested exactly that your email has been enqueued and not a generic job.
Your test is fast
You needed no mocking
When you write a system test, feel free to decide if you want to really deliver emails there, since speed doesn't matter that much anymore. I personally like to configure the following:
RSpec.configure do |config|
config.around(:each, :mailer) do |example|
perform_enqueued_jobs do
example.run
end
end
end
and assign the :mailer
attribute to the tests were I want to actually send emails.
For more about how to correctly configure your email in Rails read this article: https://medium.com/@coorasse/the-correct-emails-configuration-in-rails-c1d8418c0bfd
ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob
instead of ActionMailer::DeliveryJob
have_enqueued_job(ActionMailer::DeliveryJob)
to on_queue('mailers')
, so it became expect { user.update(name: 'Hello') }.to have_enqueued_job.on_queue('mailers').with('ReportMailer', 'update_mail', 'deliver_now', user.id)
have_enqueued_mail
matcher, see relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-rails/v/5-0/docs/matchers/…
Add this:
# spec/support/message_delivery.rb
class ActionMailer::MessageDelivery
def deliver_later
deliver_now
end
end
Reference: http://mrlab.sk/testing-email-delivery-with-deliver-later.html
deliver_later(wait: 2.minutes)
. So I did deliver_later(options={})
NameError: uninitialized constant ActionMailer
A nicer solution (than monkeypatching deliver_later
) is:
require 'spec_helper'
include ActiveJob::TestHelper
describe YourObject do
around { |example| perform_enqueued_jobs(&example) }
it "sends an email" do
expect { something_that.sends_an_email }.to change(ActionMailer::Base.deliveries, :length)
end
end
The around { |example| perform_enqueued_jobs(&example) }
ensures that background tasks are run before checking the test values.
I came with the same doubt and resolved in a less verbose (single line) way inspired by this answer
expect(ServiceMailer).to receive_message_chain(:new_user, :deliver_later).with(@user).with(no_args)
Note that the last with(no_args)
is essential.
But, if you don't bother if deliver_later
is being called, just do:
expect(ServiceMailer).to expect(:new_user).with(@user).and_call_original
A simple way is:
expect(ServiceMailer).to(
receive(:new_user).with(@user).and_call_original
)
# subject
This answer is for Rails Test, not for rspec...
If you are using delivery_later
like this:
# app/controllers/users_controller.rb
class UsersController < ApplicationController
…
def create
…
# Yes, Ruby 2.0+ keyword arguments are preferred
UserMailer.welcome_email(user: @user).deliver_later
end
end
You can check in your test if the email has been added to the queue:
# test/controllers/users_controller_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
class UsersControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
…
test 'email is enqueued to be delivered later' do
assert_enqueued_jobs 1 do
post :create, {…}
end
end
end
If you do this though, you’ll surprised by the failing test that tells you assert_enqueued_jobs is not defined for us to use.
This is because our test inherits from ActionController::TestCase which, at the time of writing, does not include ActiveJob::TestHelper.
But we can quickly fix this:
# test/test_helper.rb
class ActionController::TestCase
include ActiveJob::TestHelper
…
end
Reference: https://www.engineyard.com/blog/testing-async-emails-rails-42
For recent Googlers:
allow(YourMailer).to receive(:mailer_method).and_call_original
expect(YourMailer).to have_received(:mailer_method)
I think one of the better ways to test this is to check the status of job alongside the basic response json checks like:
expect(ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob).to have_been_enqueued.on_queue('mailers').with('mailer_name', 'mailer_method', 'delivery_now', { :params => {}, :args=>[] } )
I have come here looking for an answer for a complete testing, so, not just asking if there is one mail waiting to be sent, in addition, for its recipient, subject...etc
I have a solution, than comes from here, but with a little change:
As it says, the curial part is
mail = perform_enqueued_jobs { ActionMailer::DeliveryJob.perform_now(*enqueued_jobs.first[:args]) }
The problem is that the parameters than mailer receives, in this case, is different from the parameters than receives in production, in production, if the first parameter is a Model, now in testing will receive a hash, so will crash
enqueued_jobs.first[:args]
["UserMailer", "welcome_email", "deliver_now", {"_aj_globalid"=>"gid://forjartistica/User/1"}]
So, if we call the mailer as UserMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later
the mailer receives in production a User, but in testing will receive {"_aj_globalid"=>"gid://forjartistica/User/1"}
All comments will be appreciate, The less painful solution I have found is changing the way that I call the mailers, passing, the model's id and not the model:
UserMailer.welcome_email(@user.id).deliver_later
This answer is a little bit different, but may help in cases like a new change in the rails API, or a change in the way you want to deliver (like use deliver_now
instead of deliver_later
).
What I do most of the time is to pass a mailer as a dependency to the method that I am testing, but I don't pass an mailer from rails, I instead pass an object that will do the the things in the "way that I want"...
For example if I want to check that I am sending the right mail after the registration of a user... I could do...
class DummyMailer
def self.send_welcome_message(user)
end
end
it "sends a welcome email" do
allow(store).to receive(:create).and_return(user)
expect(mailer).to receive(:send_welcome_message).with(user)
register_user(params, store, mailer)
end
And then in the controller where I will be calling that method, I would write the "real" implementation of that mailer...
class RegistrationsController < ApplicationController
def create
Registrations.register_user(params[:user], User, Mailer)
# ...
end
class Mailer
def self.send_welcome_message(user)
ServiceMailer.new_user(user).deliver_later
end
end
end
In this way I feel that I am testing that I am sending the right message, to the right object, with the right data (arguments). And I am just in need of creating a very simple object that has no logic, just the responsibility of knowing how ActionMailer wants to be called.
I prefer to do this because I prefer to have more control over the dependencies I have. This is form me an example of the "Dependency inversion principle".
I am not sure if it is your taste, but is another way to solve the problem =).
Success story sharing
allow(message_delivery).to …
? After all, you already test the outcome by expectingnew_user
.deliver_later
method is removed from the controller, by usingallow
we will not be able to catch that right? I mean the test will still pass. Do you still think using anallow
will be a better idea than usingexpect
? I did see thatexpect
flags if thedeliver_later
was removed by mistake & that's basically why I wanted to discuss this in general. It would be great if you could elaborate more on whyallow
is better with the above context.ServiceMailer
'snew_user
method is called. You're free to create another test which tests for thedeliver_later
method being called, once the mail was created.allow
based on the context of testingServiceMailer's new_user
method. In case I'd have to testdeliver_later
, I was thinking I'd just add another assertion to the existing test(that checks forServiceMailer's new_user
method) to check something likeexpect(mailer_object).to receive(:deliver_later)
instead of testing this as another test altogether. It would be interesting to know why you'd prefer a separate test for this in case we'd have to ever testdeliver_later
.