Oracle：如果表存在

最好和最有效的方法是捕获“table not found”异常：这样可以避免检查表是否存在两次的开销；并且不会遇到这样的问题，即如果 DROP 由于其他原因（可能很重要）失败，异常仍然会向调用者提出：

BEGIN
   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE ' || table_name;
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      IF SQLCODE != -942 THEN
         RAISE;
      END IF;
END;

附录作为参考，以下是其他对象类型的等效块：

序列

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE ' || sequence_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -2289 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

看法

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP VIEW ' || view_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -942 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

扳机

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TRIGGER ' || trigger_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -4080 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

指数

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP INDEX ' || index_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -1418 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

柱子

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TABLE ' || table_name
                || ' DROP COLUMN ' || column_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -904 AND SQLCODE != -942 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

数据库链接

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP DATABASE LINK ' || dblink_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -2024 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

物化视图

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW ' || mview_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -12003 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

类型

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TYPE ' || type_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -4043 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

约束

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TABLE ' || table_name
            || ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' || constraint_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -2443 AND SQLCODE != -942 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

调度程序作业

BEGIN
  DBMS_SCHEDULER.drop_job(job_name);
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -27475 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

用户/架构

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP USER ' || user_name;
  /* you may or may not want to add CASCADE */
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -1918 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

包裹

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP PACKAGE ' || package_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -4043 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

程序

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP PROCEDURE ' || procedure_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -4043 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

功能

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP FUNCTION ' || function_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -4043 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

表空间

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLESPACE ' || tablespace_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -959 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

代名词

BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SYNONYM ' || synonym_name;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    IF SQLCODE != -1434 THEN
      RAISE;
    END IF;
END;

---

declare
   c int;
begin
   select count(*) into c from user_tables where table_name = upper('table_name');
   if c = 1 then
      execute immediate 'drop table table_name';
   end if;
end;

那是为了检查当前模式中的表是否存在。要检查给定表是否已存在于不同的架构中，您必须使用 all_tables 而不是 user_tables 并添加条件 all_tables.owner = upper('schema_name')

---

我一直在寻找相同的东西，但最终我编写了一个程序来帮助我：

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DelObject(ObjName varchar2,ObjType varchar2)
IS
 v_counter number := 0;   
begin    
  if ObjType = 'TABLE' then
    select count(*) into v_counter from user_tables where table_name = upper(ObjName);
    if v_counter > 0 then          
      execute immediate 'drop table ' || ObjName || ' cascade constraints';        
    end if;   
  end if;
  if ObjType = 'PROCEDURE' then
    select count(*) into v_counter from User_Objects where object_type = 'PROCEDURE' and OBJECT_NAME = upper(ObjName);
      if v_counter > 0 then          
        execute immediate 'DROP PROCEDURE ' || ObjName;        
      end if; 
  end if;
  if ObjType = 'FUNCTION' then
    select count(*) into v_counter from User_Objects where object_type = 'FUNCTION' and OBJECT_NAME = upper(ObjName);
      if v_counter > 0 then          
        execute immediate 'DROP FUNCTION ' || ObjName;        
      end if; 
  end if;
  if ObjType = 'TRIGGER' then
    select count(*) into v_counter from User_Triggers where TRIGGER_NAME = upper(ObjName);
      if v_counter > 0 then          
        execute immediate 'DROP TRIGGER ' || ObjName;
      end if; 
  end if;
  if ObjType = 'VIEW' then
    select count(*) into v_counter from User_Views where VIEW_NAME = upper(ObjName);
      if v_counter > 0 then          
        execute immediate 'DROP VIEW ' || ObjName;        
      end if; 
  end if;
  if ObjType = 'SEQUENCE' then
    select count(*) into v_counter from user_sequences where sequence_name = upper(ObjName);
      if v_counter > 0 then          
        execute immediate 'DROP SEQUENCE ' || ObjName;        
      end if; 
  end if;
end;

希望这可以帮助

---

只是想发布一个完整的代码，该代码将使用 Jeffrey 的代码创建一个表并删除它（向他致敬，而不是我！）。

BEGIN
    BEGIN
         EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE tablename';
    EXCEPTION
         WHEN OTHERS THEN
                IF SQLCODE != -942 THEN
                     RAISE;
                END IF;
    END;

    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE tablename AS SELECT * FROM sourcetable WHERE 1=0';

END;

---

使用 SQL*PLUS，您还可以使用 WHENEVER SQLERROR 命令：

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE NONE
DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME;

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT SQL.SQLCODE
DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME;

使用 CONTINUE NONE 会报告错误，但脚本将继续。使用 EXIT SQL.SQLCODE，脚本将在出现错误时终止。

另见：WHENEVER SQLERROR Docs

---

我更喜欢以下经济解决方案

BEGIN
    FOR i IN (SELECT NULL FROM USER_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE' AND OBJECT_NAME = 'TABLE_NAME') LOOP
            EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME';
    END LOOP;
END;

---

另一种方法是定义一个异常，然后只捕获该异常，让所有其他异常传播。

Declare
   eTableDoesNotExist Exception;
   PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(eTableDoesNotExist, -942);
Begin
   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ('DROP TABLE myschema.mytable');
Exception
   When eTableDoesNotExist Then
      DBMS_Output.Put_Line('Table already does not exist.');
End;

---

一种方法是使用 DBMS_ASSERT.SQL_OBJECT_NAME ：

此函数验证输入参数字符串是否为现有 SQL 对象的限定 SQL 标识符。

DECLARE
    V_OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
   BEGIN
        V_OBJECT_NAME  := DBMS_ASSERT.SQL_OBJECT_NAME('tab1');
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE tab1';

        EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
   END;
END;
/

DBFiddle Demo

---

oracle 中没有“DROP TABLE IF EXISTS”，您必须执行 select 语句。

试试这个（我不了解 oracle 语法，所以如果我的变量是 ify，请原谅我）：

declare @count int
select @count=count(*) from all_tables where table_name='Table_name';
if @count>0
BEGIN
    DROP TABLE tableName;
END

---

如果您想让它可重新输入并最小化删除/创建周期，您可以使用 dbms_metadata.get_ddl 缓存 DDL 并使用如下构造重新创建所有内容： declare v_ddl varchar2(4000); begin select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') into v_ddl from dual; [COMPARE CACHED DDL AND EXECUTE IF NO MATCH] exception when others then if sqlcode = -31603 then [GET AND EXECUTE CACHED DDL] else raise; end if; end; 这只是一个示例，应该有一个循环内部，DDL 类型、名称和所有者是变量。

---

像这样的块可能对您有用。

DECLARE
    table_exist INT;

BEGIN
    SELECT Count(*)
    INTO   table_exist
    FROM   dba_tables
    WHERE  owner = 'SCHEMA_NAME' 
    AND table_name = 'EMPLOYEE_TABLE';

    IF table_exist = 1 THEN
      EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'drop table EMPLOYEE_TABLE';
    END IF;
END;  

---

可悲的是，不存在如果存在则丢弃或不存在则创建之类的东西

您可以编写一个 plsql 脚本来包含那里的逻辑。

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B12037_01/server.101/b10759/statements_9003.htm

我不太喜欢 Oracle 语法，但我认为 @Erich 的脚本会是这样的。

declare 
cant integer
begin
select into cant count(*) from dba_tables where table_name='Table_name';
if count>0 then
BEGIN
    DROP TABLE tableName;
END IF;
END;

---

你总是可以自己捕捉到错误。

begin
execute immediate 'drop table mytable';
exception when others then null;
end;

过度使用它被认为是不好的做法，类似于其他语言中的空 catch()'es。

问候 K

---

我更喜欢指定表和架构所有者。

还要注意区分大小写。 （见下文“上”条款）。

我扔了几个不同的对象，以表明它们可以在除 TABLEs 之外的地方使用。

......

declare
   v_counter int;
begin
 select count(*) into v_counter from dba_users where upper(username)=upper('UserSchema01');
   if v_counter > 0 then
      execute immediate 'DROP USER UserSchema01 CASCADE';
   end if; 
end;
/



CREATE USER UserSchema01 IDENTIFIED BY pa$$word
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
  TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
  QUOTA UNLIMITED ON users;

grant create session to UserSchema01;  

还有一个 TABLE 示例：

declare
   v_counter int;
begin
 select count(*) into v_counter from all_tables where upper(TABLE_NAME)=upper('ORDERS') and upper(OWNER)=upper('UserSchema01');
   if v_counter > 0 then
      execute immediate 'DROP TABLE UserSchema01.ORDERS';
   end if; 
end;
/   

---

BEGIN
   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE "IMS"."MAX" ';
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      IF SQLCODE != -942 THEN
         RAISE;
          END IF;
         EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ' 
  CREATE TABLE "IMS"."MAX" 
   (    "ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE, 
    "NAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 
     CONSTRAINT "MAX_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ID")
  USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "SYSAUX"  ENABLE
   ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE 
  PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "SYSAUX"  ';


END;

// 执行此代码，检查表是否存在，然后创建表 max.这仅适用于单个编译

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