SQL SELECT WHERE 字段包含单词

相当慢，但包含任何单词的工作方法：

SELECT * FROM mytable
WHERE column1 LIKE '%word1%'
   OR column1 LIKE '%word2%'
   OR column1 LIKE '%word3%'

如果您需要所有单词都存在，请使用以下命令：

SELECT * FROM mytable
WHERE column1 LIKE '%word1%'
  AND column1 LIKE '%word2%'
  AND column1 LIKE '%word3%'

如果您想要更快的速度，您需要查看全文搜索，这对于每种数据库类型都非常具体。

请注意，如果您使用 LIKE 来确定一个字符串是否是另一个字符串的子字符串，则必须对搜索字符串中的模式匹配字符进行转义。

如果您的 SQL 方言支持 CHARINDEX，则使用它会容易得多：

SELECT * FROM MyTable
WHERE CHARINDEX('word1', Column1) > 0
  AND CHARINDEX('word2', Column1) > 0
  AND CHARINDEX('word3', Column1) > 0

另外，请记住，这个和接受的答案中的方法仅涵盖子字符串匹配而不是单词匹配。因此，例如，字符串 'word1word2word3' 仍然匹配。

功能

 CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnSplit] ( @sep CHAR(1), @str VARCHAR(512) )
 RETURNS TABLE AS
 RETURN (
           WITH Pieces(pn, start, stop) AS (
           SELECT 1, 1, CHARINDEX(@sep, @str)
           UNION ALL
           SELECT pn + 1, stop + 1, CHARINDEX(@sep, @str, stop + 1)
           FROM Pieces
           WHERE stop > 0
      )

      SELECT
           pn AS Id,
           SUBSTRING(@str, start, CASE WHEN stop > 0 THEN stop - start ELSE 512 END) AS Data
      FROM
           Pieces
 )

询问

 DECLARE @FilterTable TABLE (Data VARCHAR(512))

 INSERT INTO @FilterTable (Data)
 SELECT DISTINCT S.Data
 FROM fnSplit(' ', 'word1 word2 word3') S -- Contains words

 SELECT DISTINCT
      T.*
 FROM
      MyTable T
      INNER JOIN @FilterTable F1 ON T.Column1 LIKE '%' + F1.Data + '%'
      LEFT JOIN @FilterTable F2 ON T.Column1 NOT LIKE '%' + F2.Data + '%'
 WHERE
      F2.Data IS NULL

代替 SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 CONTAINS 'word1 word2 word3'，在这些词之间添加 And，例如：

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 CONTAINS 'word1 And word2 And word3'

有关详细信息，请参阅此处https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187787.aspx

更新

要选择短语，请使用双引号，例如：

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 CONTAINS '"Phrase one" And word2 And "Phrase Two"'

ps您必须先在表格上启用全文搜索，然后才能使用包含关键字。有关详细信息，请参阅此处https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/search/get-started-with-full-text-search

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE 
Column1 LIKE '%word1%'
AND Column1 LIKE '%word2%'
AND Column1 LIKE  '%word3%'

根据对问题的编辑将 OR 更改为 AND。

如果您使用的是 Oracle 数据库，那么您可以使用 contains 查询来实现这一点。包含查询比类似查询更快。

如果你需要所有的话

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1,'word1 and word2 and word3', 1) > 0

如果您需要任何单词

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1,'word1 or word2 or word3', 1) > 0

包含您的列上的 CONTEXT 类型的需要索引。

CREATE INDEX SEARCH_IDX ON MyTable(Column) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT

如果你只是想找到一个匹配。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE INSTR('word1 word2 word3',Column1)<>0

SQL 服务器：

CHARINDEX(Column1, 'word1 word2 word3', 1)<>0

获得完全匹配。示例 (';a;ab;ac;',';b;') 将无法匹配。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE INSTR(';word1;word2;word3;',';'||Column1||';')<>0

实现问题中提到的最简单的方法之一是将 CONTAINS 与 NEAR 或“~”一起使用。例如，以下查询将为我们提供特别包含 word1、word2 和 word3 的所有列。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1, 'word1 NEAR word2 NEAR word3')

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1, 'word1 ~ word2 ~ word3')

此外，CONTAINSTABLE 根据“word1”、“word2”和“word3”的接近度返回每个文档的排名。例如，如果一个文档包含句子“The word1 is word2 and word3”，那么它的排名会很高，因为这些词比其他文档中的词更接近。

我想补充的另一件事是，我们还可以使用proximity_term 来查找单词在列短语内的特定距离内的列。

最好的方法是在表中的列上创建全文索引并使用包含而不是 LIKE

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE 
contains(Column1 , N'word1' )
AND contains(Column1 , N'word2' )
AND contains(Column1 , N'word3' )

为什么不改用“in”呢？

Select *
from table
where columnname in (word1, word2, word3)

理想情况下，如果使用的话，这应该在 sql server 全文搜索的帮助下完成。但是，如果由于某种原因您无法在您的数据库上工作，这里有一个性能密集型解决方案：-

-- table to search in
CREATE TABLE dbo.myTable
    (
    myTableId int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
    code varchar(200) NOT NULL, 
    description varchar(200) NOT NULL -- this column contains the values we are going to search in 
    )  ON [PRIMARY]
GO

-- function to split space separated search string into individual words
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnSplit] (@StringInput nvarchar(max),
@Delimiter nvarchar(1))
RETURNS @OutputTable TABLE (
  id nvarchar(1000)
)
AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE @String nvarchar(100);

  WHILE LEN(@StringInput) > 0
  BEGIN
    SET @String = LEFT(@StringInput, ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @StringInput) - 1, -1),
    LEN(@StringInput)));
    SET @StringInput = SUBSTRING(@StringInput, ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX
    (
    @Delimiter, @StringInput
    ),
    0
    ), LEN
    (
    @StringInput)
    )
    + 1, LEN(@StringInput));

    INSERT INTO @OutputTable (id)
      VALUES (@String);
  END;

  RETURN;
END;
GO

-- this is the search script which can be optionally converted to a stored procedure /function


declare @search varchar(max) = 'infection upper acute genito'; -- enter your search string here
-- the searched string above should give rows containing the following
-- infection in upper side with acute genitointestinal tract
-- acute infection in upper teeth
-- acute genitointestinal pain

if (len(trim(@search)) = 0) -- if search string is empty, just return records ordered alphabetically
begin
 select 1 as Priority ,myTableid, code, Description from myTable order by Description 
 return;
end

declare @splitTable Table(
wordRank int Identity(1,1), -- individual words are assinged priority order (in order of occurence/position)
word varchar(200)
)
declare @nonWordTable Table( -- table to trim out auxiliary verbs, prepositions etc. from the search
id varchar(200)
)

insert into @nonWordTable values
('of'),
('with'),
('at'),
('in'),
('for'),
('on'),
('by'),
('like'),
('up'),
('off'),
('near'),
('is'),
('are'),
(','),
(':'),
(';')

insert into @splitTable
select id from dbo.fnSplit(@search,' '); -- this function gives you a table with rows containing all the space separated words of the search like in this e.g., the output will be -
--  id
-------------
-- infection
-- upper
-- acute
-- genito

delete s from @splitTable s join @nonWordTable n  on s.word = n.id; -- trimming out non-words here
declare @countOfSearchStrings int = (select count(word) from @splitTable);  -- count of space separated words for search
declare @highestPriority int = POWER(@countOfSearchStrings,3);

with plainMatches as
(
select myTableid, @highestPriority as Priority from myTable where Description like @search  -- exact matches have highest priority
union                                      
select myTableid, @highestPriority-1 as Priority from myTable where Description like  @search + '%'  -- then with something at the end
union                                      
select myTableid, @highestPriority-2 as Priority from myTable where Description like '%' + @search -- then with something at the beginning
union                                      
select myTableid, @highestPriority-3 as Priority from myTable where Description like '%' + @search + '%' -- then if the word falls somewhere in between
),
splitWordMatches as( -- give each searched word a rank based on its position in the searched string
                     -- and calculate its char index in the field to search
select myTable.myTableid, (@countOfSearchStrings - s.wordRank) as Priority, s.word,
wordIndex = CHARINDEX(s.word, myTable.Description)  from myTable join @splitTable s on myTable.Description like '%'+ s.word + '%'
-- and not exists(select myTableid from plainMatches p where p.myTableId = myTable.myTableId) -- need not look into myTables that have already been found in plainmatches as they are highest ranked
                                                                              -- this one takes a long time though, so commenting it, will have no impact on the result
),
matchingRowsWithAllWords as (
 select myTableid, count(myTableid) as myTableCount from splitWordMatches group by(myTableid) having count(myTableid) = @countOfSearchStrings
)
, -- trim off the CTE here if you don't care about the ordering of words to be considered for priority
wordIndexRatings as( -- reverse the char indexes retrived above so that words occuring earlier have higher weightage
                     -- and then normalize them to sequential values
select s.myTableid, Priority, word, ROW_NUMBER() over (partition by s.myTableid order by wordindex desc) as comparativeWordIndex 
from splitWordMatches s join matchingRowsWithAllWords m on s.myTableId = m.myTableId
)
,
wordIndexSequenceRatings as ( -- need to do this to ensure that if the same set of words from search string is found in two rows,
                              -- their sequence in the field value is taken into account for higher priority
    select w.myTableid, w.word, (w.Priority + w.comparativeWordIndex + coalesce(sequncedPriority ,0)) as Priority
    from wordIndexRatings w left join 
    (
     select w1.myTableid, w1.priority, w1.word, w1.comparativeWordIndex, count(w1.myTableid) as sequncedPriority
     from wordIndexRatings w1 join wordIndexRatings w2 on w1.myTableId = w2.myTableId and w1.Priority > w2.Priority and w1.comparativeWordIndex>w2.comparativeWordIndex
     group by w1.myTableid, w1.priority,w1.word, w1.comparativeWordIndex
    ) 
    sequencedPriority on w.myTableId = sequencedPriority.myTableId and w.Priority = sequencedPriority.Priority
),
prioritizedSplitWordMatches as ( -- this calculates the cumulative priority for a field value
select  w1.myTableId, sum(w1.Priority) as OverallPriority from wordIndexSequenceRatings w1 join wordIndexSequenceRatings w2 on w1.myTableId =  w2.myTableId 
where w1.word <> w2.word group by w1.myTableid 
),
completeSet as (
select myTableid, priority from plainMatches -- get plain matches which should be highest ranked
union
select myTableid, OverallPriority as priority from prioritizedSplitWordMatches -- get ranked split word matches (which are ordered based on word rank in search string and sequence)
),
maximizedCompleteSet as( -- set the priority of a field value = maximum priority for that field value
select myTableid, max(priority) as Priority  from completeSet group by myTableId
)
select priority, myTable.myTableid , code, Description from maximizedCompleteSet m join myTable  on m.myTableId = myTable.myTableId 
order by Priority desc, Description -- order by priority desc to get highest rated items on top
--offset 0 rows fetch next 50 rows only -- optional paging

尝试在 MS SQL Server 的全文索引中使用“tesarus 搜索”。如果您有数百万条记录，这比在搜索中使用“%”要好得多。 tesarus 的内存消耗比其他的少。尝试搜索此功能:)

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 Like "*word*"

这将显示 column1 的部分值包含 word 的所有记录。

DECLARE @SearchStr nvarchar(100)
SET @SearchStr = ' '



CREATE TABLE #Results (ColumnName nvarchar(370), ColumnValue nvarchar(3630))

SET NOCOUNT ON

DECLARE @TableName nvarchar(256), @ColumnName nvarchar(128), @SearchStr2 nvarchar(110)
SET  @TableName = ''
SET @SearchStr2 = QUOTENAME('%' + @SearchStr + '%','''')

WHILE @TableName IS NOT NULL

BEGIN
    SET @ColumnName = ''
    SET @TableName = 
    (
        SELECT MIN(QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME))
        FROM     INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
        WHERE         TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
            AND    QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME) > @TableName
            AND    OBJECTPROPERTY(
                    OBJECT_ID(
                        QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME)
                         ), 'IsMSShipped'
                           ) = 0
    )

    WHILE (@TableName IS NOT NULL) AND (@ColumnName IS NOT NULL)

    BEGIN
        SET @ColumnName =
        (
            SELECT MIN(QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME))
            FROM     INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
            WHERE         TABLE_SCHEMA    = PARSENAME(@TableName, 2)
                AND    TABLE_NAME    = PARSENAME(@TableName, 1)
                AND    DATA_TYPE IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar', 'int', 'decimal')
                AND    QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME) > @ColumnName
        )

        IF @ColumnName IS NOT NULL

        BEGIN
            INSERT INTO #Results
            EXEC
            (
                'SELECT ''' + @TableName + '.' + @ColumnName + ''', LEFT(' + @ColumnName + ', 3630) FROM ' + @TableName + ' (NOLOCK) ' +
                ' WHERE ' + @ColumnName + ' LIKE ' + @SearchStr2
            )
        END
    END   
END

SELECT ColumnName, ColumnValue FROM #Results

DROP TABLE #Results

select * from table where name regexp '^word[1-3]$'

或者

select * from table where name in ('word1','word2','word3')