Java 256 位 AES 基于密码的加密

与接收者共享 password（一个 char[]）和 salt（一个 byte[] - 由 SecureRandom 选择的 8 个字节是一个很好的盐 - 不需要保密） -乐队。然后从这些信息中导出一个好的密钥：

/* Derive the key, given password and salt. */
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(password, salt, 65536, 256);
SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
SecretKey secret = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");

幻数（可以在某处定义为常量）65536 和 256 分别是密钥派生迭代次数和密钥大小。

密钥派生函数被迭代以需要大量的计算工作，这可以防止攻击者快速尝试许多不同的密码。可以根据可用的计算资源更改迭代计数。

密钥大小可以减少到 128 位，这仍然被认为是“强”加密，但如果发现削弱 AES 的攻击，它不会提供太多安全余量。

与适当的块链接模式一起使用，相同的派生密钥可用于加密许多消息。在 Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) 中，为每条消息生成一个随机初始化向量 (IV)，即使明文相同，也会产生不同的密文。 CBC 可能不是您可以使用的最安全的模式（请参阅下面的 AEAD）；还有许多其他具有不同安全属性的模式，但它们都使用类似的随机输入。在任何情况下，每个加密操作的输出都是密文和初始化向量：

/* Encrypt the message. */
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secret);
AlgorithmParameters params = cipher.getParameters();
byte[] iv = params.getParameterSpec(IvParameterSpec.class).getIV();
byte[] ciphertext = cipher.doFinal("Hello, World!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

存储 ciphertext 和 iv。解密时，SecretKey 以完全相同的方式重新生成，使用具有相同盐和迭代参数的密码。用这个密钥初始化密码和与消息一起存储的初始化向量：

/* Decrypt the message, given derived key and initialization vector. */
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secret, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
String plaintext = new String(cipher.doFinal(ciphertext), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(plaintext);

Java 7 包含 API support for AEAD cipher modes，OpenJDK 和 Oracle 发行版中包含的“SunJCE”提供程序从 Java 8 开始实现这些。强烈建议使用其中一种模式代替 CBC；它将保护数据的完整性及其隐私。

带有“非法密钥大小或默认参数”消息的 java.security.InvalidKeyException 表示加密强度受到限制；无限强度管辖权政策文件不在正确的位置。在 JDK 中，它们应该放在 ${jdk}/jre/lib/security 下

根据问题描述，听起来策略文件没有正确安装。系统可以很容易地拥有多个 Java 运行时；仔细检查以确保使用了正确的位置。

---

考虑使用 Spring Security Crypto 模块

Spring Security Crypto 模块提供对对称加密、密钥生成和密码编码的支持。该代码作为核心模块的一部分分发，但不依赖于任何其他 Spring Security（或 Spring）代码。

它为加密提供了一个简单的抽象，并且似乎符合这里的要求，

“标准”加密方法是使用 PKCS #5 的 PBKDF2（基于密码的密钥派生函数 #2）的 256 位 AES。此方法需要 Java 6。用于生成 SecretKey 的密码应保存在安全的地方，不得共享。如果您的加密数据被泄露，盐用于防止对密钥的字典攻击。还应用了一个 16 字节的随机初始化向量，因此每条加密消息都是唯一的。

查看 internals 会发现类似于 erickson's answer 的结构。

如问题中所述，这还需要 Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy（否则您会遇到 InvalidKeyException: Illegal Key Size）。它可用于 Java 6、Java 7 和 Java 8。

示例用法

import org.springframework.security.crypto.encrypt.Encryptors;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.encrypt.TextEncryptor;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.keygen.KeyGenerators;

public class CryptoExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String password = "I AM SHERLOCKED";  
        final String salt = KeyGenerators.string().generateKey();
        
        TextEncryptor encryptor = Encryptors.text(password, salt);      
        System.out.println("Salt: \"" + salt + "\"");
        
        String textToEncrypt = "*royal secrets*";
        System.out.println("Original text: \"" + textToEncrypt + "\"");
        
        String encryptedText = encryptor.encrypt(textToEncrypt);
        System.out.println("Encrypted text: \"" + encryptedText + "\"");
        
        // Could reuse encryptor but wanted to show reconstructing TextEncryptor
        TextEncryptor decryptor = Encryptors.text(password, salt);
        String decryptedText = decryptor.decrypt(encryptedText);
        System.out.println("Decrypted text: \"" + decryptedText + "\"");
        
        if(textToEncrypt.equals(decryptedText)) {
            System.out.println("Success: decrypted text matches");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Failed: decrypted text does not match");
        }       
    }
}

和样本输出，

Salt: "feacbc02a3a697b0"
Original text: "*royal secrets*"
Encrypted text: "7c73c5a83fa580b5d6f8208768adc931ef3123291ac8bc335a1277a39d256d9a" 
Decrypted text: "*royal secrets*"
Success: decrypted text matches

---

在阅读了 erickson 的建议，并从其他几篇帖子和这个示例 here 中收集了我可以收集到的内容后，我尝试使用建议的更改来更新 Doug 的代码。随意编辑以使其更好。

初始化向量不再固定

加密密钥是使用来自 erickson 的代码派生的

使用 SecureRandom() 在 setupEncrypt() 中生成 8 字节盐

解密密钥由加密盐和密码生成

解密密码由解密密钥和初始化向量生成

删除了 hex twiddling 代替 org.apache.commons 编解码器 Hex 例程

一些注意事项：这使用 128 位加密密钥 - java 显然不会开箱即用地进行 256 位加密。实现 256 需要在 java 安装目录中安装一些额外的文件。

另外，我不是加密货币的人。谨慎。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.AlgorithmParameters;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.InvalidParameterSpecException;
import java.security.spec.KeySpec;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherInputStream;
import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

import org.apache.commons.codec.DecoderException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;

public class Crypto
{
    String mPassword = null;
    public final static int SALT_LEN = 8;
    byte [] mInitVec = null;
    byte [] mSalt = null;
    Cipher mEcipher = null;
    Cipher mDecipher = null;
    private final int KEYLEN_BITS = 128; // see notes below where this is used.
    private final int ITERATIONS = 65536;
    private final int MAX_FILE_BUF = 1024;

    /**
     * create an object with just the passphrase from the user. Don't do anything else yet 
     * @param password
     */
    public Crypto (String password)
    {
        mPassword = password;
    }

    /**
     * return the generated salt for this object
     * @return
     */
    public byte [] getSalt ()
    {
        return (mSalt);
    }

    /**
     * return the initialization vector created from setupEncryption
     * @return
     */
    public byte [] getInitVec ()
    {
        return (mInitVec);
    }

    /**
     * debug/print messages
     * @param msg
     */
    private void Db (String msg)
    {
        System.out.println ("** Crypt ** " + msg);
    }

    /**
     * this must be called after creating the initial Crypto object. It creates a salt of SALT_LEN bytes
     * and generates the salt bytes using secureRandom().  The encryption secret key is created 
     * along with the initialization vectory. The member variable mEcipher is created to be used
     * by the class later on when either creating a CipherOutputStream, or encrypting a buffer
     * to be written to disk.
     *  
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     * @throws InvalidKeySpecException
     * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
     * @throws InvalidParameterSpecException
     * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
     * @throws BadPaddingException
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     * @throws InvalidKeyException
     */
    public void setupEncrypt () throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, 
                                                           InvalidKeySpecException, 
                                                           NoSuchPaddingException, 
                                                           InvalidParameterSpecException, 
                                                           IllegalBlockSizeException, 
                                                           BadPaddingException, 
                                                           UnsupportedEncodingException, 
                                                           InvalidKeyException
    {
        SecretKeyFactory factory = null;
        SecretKey tmp = null;

        // crate secureRandom salt and store  as member var for later use
         mSalt = new byte [SALT_LEN];
        SecureRandom rnd = new SecureRandom ();
        rnd.nextBytes (mSalt);
        Db ("generated salt :" + Hex.encodeHexString (mSalt));

        factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");

        /* Derive the key, given password and salt. 
         * 
         * in order to do 256 bit crypto, you have to muck with the files for Java's "unlimted security"
         * The end user must also install them (not compiled in) so beware. 
         * see here:  http://www.javamex.com/tutorials/cryptography/unrestricted_policy_files.shtml
         */
        KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec (mPassword.toCharArray (), mSalt, ITERATIONS, KEYLEN_BITS);
        tmp = factory.generateSecret (spec);
        SecretKey secret = new SecretKeySpec (tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");

        /* Create the Encryption cipher object and store as a member variable
         */
        mEcipher = Cipher.getInstance ("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        mEcipher.init (Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secret);
        AlgorithmParameters params = mEcipher.getParameters ();

        // get the initialization vectory and store as member var 
        mInitVec = params.getParameterSpec (IvParameterSpec.class).getIV();

        Db ("mInitVec is :" + Hex.encodeHexString (mInitVec));
    }



    /**
     * If a file is being decrypted, we need to know the pasword, the salt and the initialization vector (iv). 
     * We have the password from initializing the class. pass the iv and salt here which is
     * obtained when encrypting the file initially.
     *   
     * @param initvec
     * @param salt
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     * @throws InvalidKeySpecException
     * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
     * @throws InvalidKeyException
     * @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
     * @throws DecoderException
     */
    public void setupDecrypt (String initvec, String salt) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, 
                                                                                       InvalidKeySpecException, 
                                                                                       NoSuchPaddingException, 
                                                                                       InvalidKeyException, 
                                                                                       InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, 
                                                                                       DecoderException
    {
        SecretKeyFactory factory = null;
        SecretKey tmp = null;
        SecretKey secret = null;

        // since we pass it as a string of input, convert to a actual byte buffer here
        mSalt = Hex.decodeHex (salt.toCharArray ());
       Db ("got salt " + Hex.encodeHexString (mSalt));

        // get initialization vector from passed string
        mInitVec = Hex.decodeHex (initvec.toCharArray ());
        Db ("got initvector :" + Hex.encodeHexString (mInitVec));


        /* Derive the key, given password and salt. */
        // in order to do 256 bit crypto, you have to muck with the files for Java's "unlimted security"
        // The end user must also install them (not compiled in) so beware. 
        // see here: 
      // http://www.javamex.com/tutorials/cryptography/unrestricted_policy_files.shtml
        factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");
        KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(mPassword.toCharArray (), mSalt, ITERATIONS, KEYLEN_BITS);

        tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
        secret = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");

        /* Decrypt the message, given derived key and initialization vector. */
        mDecipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        mDecipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secret, new IvParameterSpec(mInitVec));
    }


    /**
     * This is where we write out the actual encrypted data to disk using the Cipher created in setupEncrypt().
     * Pass two file objects representing the actual input (cleartext) and output file to be encrypted.
     * 
     * there may be a way to write a cleartext header to the encrypted file containing the salt, but I ran
     * into uncertain problems with that. 
     *  
     * @param input - the cleartext file to be encrypted
     * @param output - the encrypted data file
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
     * @throws BadPaddingException
     */
    public void WriteEncryptedFile (File input, File output) throws 
                                                                                          IOException, 
                                                                                          IllegalBlockSizeException, 
                                                                                          BadPaddingException
    {
        FileInputStream fin;
        FileOutputStream fout;
        long totalread = 0;
        int nread = 0;
        byte [] inbuf = new byte [MAX_FILE_BUF];

        fout = new FileOutputStream (output);
        fin = new FileInputStream (input);

        while ((nread = fin.read (inbuf)) > 0 )
        {
            Db ("read " + nread + " bytes");
            totalread += nread;

            // create a buffer to write with the exact number of bytes read. Otherwise a short read fills inbuf with 0x0
            // and results in full blocks of MAX_FILE_BUF being written. 
            byte [] trimbuf = new byte [nread];
            for (int i = 0; i < nread; i++)
                trimbuf[i] = inbuf[i];

            // encrypt the buffer using the cipher obtained previosly
            byte [] tmp = mEcipher.update (trimbuf);

            // I don't think this should happen, but just in case..
            if (tmp != null)
                fout.write (tmp);
        }

        // finalize the encryption since we've done it in blocks of MAX_FILE_BUF
        byte [] finalbuf = mEcipher.doFinal ();
        if (finalbuf != null)
            fout.write (finalbuf);

        fout.flush();
        fin.close();
        fout.close();

        Db ("wrote " + totalread + " encrypted bytes");
    }


    /**
     * Read from the encrypted file (input) and turn the cipher back into cleartext. Write the cleartext buffer back out
     * to disk as (output) File.
     * 
     * I left CipherInputStream in here as a test to see if I could mix it with the update() and final() methods of encrypting
     *  and still have a correctly decrypted file in the end. Seems to work so left it in.
     *  
     * @param input - File object representing encrypted data on disk 
     * @param output - File object of cleartext data to write out after decrypting
     * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
     * @throws BadPaddingException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void ReadEncryptedFile (File input, File output) throws 
                                                                                                                                            IllegalBlockSizeException, 
                                                                                                                                            BadPaddingException, 
                                                                                                                                            IOException
    {
        FileInputStream fin; 
        FileOutputStream fout;
        CipherInputStream cin;
        long totalread = 0;
        int nread = 0;
        byte [] inbuf = new byte [MAX_FILE_BUF];

        fout = new FileOutputStream (output);
        fin = new FileInputStream (input);

        // creating a decoding stream from the FileInputStream above using the cipher created from setupDecrypt()
        cin = new CipherInputStream (fin, mDecipher);

        while ((nread = cin.read (inbuf)) > 0 )
        {
            Db ("read " + nread + " bytes");
            totalread += nread;

            // create a buffer to write with the exact number of bytes read. Otherwise a short read fills inbuf with 0x0
            byte [] trimbuf = new byte [nread];
            for (int i = 0; i < nread; i++)
                trimbuf[i] = inbuf[i];

            // write out the size-adjusted buffer
            fout.write (trimbuf);
        }

        fout.flush();
        cin.close();
        fin.close ();       
        fout.close();   

        Db ("wrote " + totalread + " encrypted bytes");
    }


    /**
     * adding main() for usage demonstration. With member vars, some of the locals would not be needed
     */
    public static void main(String [] args)
    {

        // create the input.txt file in the current directory before continuing
        File input = new File ("input.txt");
        File eoutput = new File ("encrypted.aes");
        File doutput = new File ("decrypted.txt");
        String iv = null;
        String salt = null;
        Crypto en = new Crypto ("mypassword");

        /*
         * setup encryption cipher using password. print out iv and salt
         */
        try
      {
          en.setupEncrypt ();
          iv = Hex.encodeHexString (en.getInitVec ()).toUpperCase ();
          salt = Hex.encodeHexString (en.getSalt ()).toUpperCase ();
      }
      catch (InvalidKeyException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (InvalidKeySpecException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (NoSuchPaddingException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (InvalidParameterSpecException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (BadPaddingException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }

        /*
         * write out encrypted file
         */
        try
      {
          en.WriteEncryptedFile (input, eoutput);
          System.out.printf ("File encrypted to " + eoutput.getName () + "\niv:" + iv + "\nsalt:" + salt + "\n\n");
      }
      catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (BadPaddingException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }


        /*
         * decrypt file
         */
        Crypto dc = new Crypto ("mypassword");
        try
      {
          dc.setupDecrypt (iv, salt);
      }
      catch (InvalidKeyException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (InvalidKeySpecException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (NoSuchPaddingException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (DecoderException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }

        /*
         * write out decrypted file
         */
        try
      {
          dc.ReadEncryptedFile (eoutput, doutput);
          System.out.println ("decryption finished to " + doutput.getName ());
      }
      catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (BadPaddingException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }


}

---

从字节数组生成自己的密钥很容易：

byte[] raw = ...; // 32 bytes in size for a 256 bit key
Key skey = new javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");

但创建 256 位密钥是不够的。如果密钥生成器无法为您生成 256 位密钥，则 Cipher 类可能也不支持 AES 256 位。你说你安装了无限制权限补丁，所以应该支持 AES-256 密码（但也应该支持 256 位密钥，所以这可能是配置问题）。

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skey);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes());

缺少 AES-256 支持的解决方法是采用一些免费提供的 AES-256 实现，并将其用作自定义提供程序。这包括创建您自己的 Provider 子类并将其与 Cipher.getInstance(String, Provider) 一起使用。但这可能是一个复杂的过程。

---

我过去所做的是通过 SHA256 之类的方法对密钥进行哈希处理，然后将哈希中的字节提取到密钥字节 [] 中。

拥有 byte[] 后，您可以简单地执行以下操作：

SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(clearText.getBytes());

---

添加到@Wufoo 的编辑中，以下版本使用 InputStreams 而不是文件，以便更轻松地处理各种文件。它还将 IV 和 Salt 存储在文件的开头，因此只需要跟踪密码。由于 IV 和 Salt 不需要保密，这让生活更轻松。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import java.security.AlgorithmParameters;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.InvalidParameterSpecException;
import java.security.spec.KeySpec;

import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherInputStream;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class AES {
    public final static int SALT_LEN     = 8;
    static final String     HEXES        = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    String                  mPassword    = null;
    byte[]                  mInitVec     = null;
    byte[]                  mSalt        = new byte[SALT_LEN];
    Cipher                  mEcipher     = null;
    Cipher                  mDecipher    = null;
    private final int       KEYLEN_BITS  = 128;    // see notes below where this is used.
    private final int       ITERATIONS   = 65536;
    private final int       MAX_FILE_BUF = 1024;

    /**
     * create an object with just the passphrase from the user. Don't do anything else yet
     * @param password
     */
    public AES(String password) {
        mPassword = password;
    }

    public static String byteToHex(byte[] raw) {
        if (raw == null) {
            return null;
        }

        final StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(2 * raw.length);

        for (final byte b : raw) {
            hex.append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0xF0) >> 4)).append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0x0F)));
        }

        return hex.toString();
    }

    public static byte[] hexToByte(String hexString) {
        int    len = hexString.length();
        byte[] ba  = new byte[len / 2];

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
            ba[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
                                + Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i + 1), 16));
        }

        return ba;
    }

    /**
     * debug/print messages
     * @param msg
     */
    private void Db(String msg) {
        System.out.println("** Crypt ** " + msg);
    }

    /**
     * This is where we write out the actual encrypted data to disk using the Cipher created in setupEncrypt().
     * Pass two file objects representing the actual input (cleartext) and output file to be encrypted.
     *
     * there may be a way to write a cleartext header to the encrypted file containing the salt, but I ran
     * into uncertain problems with that.
     *
     * @param input - the cleartext file to be encrypted
     * @param output - the encrypted data file
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
     * @throws BadPaddingException
     */
    public void WriteEncryptedFile(InputStream inputStream, OutputStream outputStream)
            throws IOException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException {
        try {
            long             totalread = 0;
            int              nread     = 0;
            byte[]           inbuf     = new byte[MAX_FILE_BUF];
            SecretKeyFactory factory   = null;
            SecretKey        tmp       = null;

            // crate secureRandom salt and store  as member var for later use
            mSalt = new byte[SALT_LEN];

            SecureRandom rnd = new SecureRandom();

            rnd.nextBytes(mSalt);
            Db("generated salt :" + byteToHex(mSalt));
            factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");

            /*
             *  Derive the key, given password and salt.
             *
             * in order to do 256 bit crypto, you have to muck with the files for Java's "unlimted security"
             * The end user must also install them (not compiled in) so beware.
             * see here:  http://www.javamex.com/tutorials/cryptography/unrestricted_policy_files.shtml
             */
            KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(mPassword.toCharArray(), mSalt, ITERATIONS, KEYLEN_BITS);

            tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);

            SecretKey secret = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");

            /*
             *  Create the Encryption cipher object and store as a member variable
             */
            mEcipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
            mEcipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secret);

            AlgorithmParameters params = mEcipher.getParameters();

            // get the initialization vectory and store as member var
            mInitVec = params.getParameterSpec(IvParameterSpec.class).getIV();
            Db("mInitVec is :" + byteToHex(mInitVec));
            outputStream.write(mSalt);
            outputStream.write(mInitVec);

            while ((nread = inputStream.read(inbuf)) > 0) {
                Db("read " + nread + " bytes");
                totalread += nread;

                // create a buffer to write with the exact number of bytes read. Otherwise a short read fills inbuf with 0x0
                // and results in full blocks of MAX_FILE_BUF being written.
                byte[] trimbuf = new byte[nread];

                for (int i = 0; i < nread; i++) {
                    trimbuf[i] = inbuf[i];
                }

                // encrypt the buffer using the cipher obtained previosly
                byte[] tmpBuf = mEcipher.update(trimbuf);

                // I don't think this should happen, but just in case..
                if (tmpBuf != null) {
                    outputStream.write(tmpBuf);
                }
            }

            // finalize the encryption since we've done it in blocks of MAX_FILE_BUF
            byte[] finalbuf = mEcipher.doFinal();

            if (finalbuf != null) {
                outputStream.write(finalbuf);
            }

            outputStream.flush();
            inputStream.close();
            outputStream.close();
            outputStream.close();
            Db("wrote " + totalread + " encrypted bytes");
        } catch (InvalidKeyException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(AES.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (InvalidParameterSpecException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(AES.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(AES.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (NoSuchPaddingException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(AES.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (InvalidKeySpecException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(AES.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read from the encrypted file (input) and turn the cipher back into cleartext. Write the cleartext buffer back out
     * to disk as (output) File.
     *
     * I left CipherInputStream in here as a test to see if I could mix it with the update() and final() methods of encrypting
     *  and still have a correctly decrypted file in the end. Seems to work so left it in.
     *
     * @param input - File object representing encrypted data on disk
     * @param output - File object of cleartext data to write out after decrypting
     * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
     * @throws BadPaddingException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void ReadEncryptedFile(InputStream inputStream, OutputStream outputStream)
            throws IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException {
        try {
            CipherInputStream cin;
            long              totalread = 0;
            int               nread     = 0;
            byte[]            inbuf     = new byte[MAX_FILE_BUF];

            // Read the Salt
            inputStream.read(this.mSalt);
            Db("generated salt :" + byteToHex(mSalt));

            SecretKeyFactory factory = null;
            SecretKey        tmp     = null;
            SecretKey        secret  = null;

            factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");

            KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(mPassword.toCharArray(), mSalt, ITERATIONS, KEYLEN_BITS);

            tmp    = factory.generateSecret(spec);
            secret = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");

            /* Decrypt the message, given derived key and initialization vector. */
            mDecipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");

            // Set the appropriate size for mInitVec by Generating a New One
            AlgorithmParameters params = mDecipher.getParameters();

            mInitVec = params.getParameterSpec(IvParameterSpec.class).getIV();

            // Read the old IV from the file to mInitVec now that size is set.
            inputStream.read(this.mInitVec);
            Db("mInitVec is :" + byteToHex(mInitVec));
            mDecipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secret, new IvParameterSpec(mInitVec));

            // creating a decoding stream from the FileInputStream above using the cipher created from setupDecrypt()
            cin = new CipherInputStream(inputStream, mDecipher);

            while ((nread = cin.read(inbuf)) > 0) {
                Db("read " + nread + " bytes");
                totalread += nread;

                // create a buffer to write with the exact number of bytes read. Otherwise a short read fills inbuf with 0x0
                byte[] trimbuf = new byte[nread];

                for (int i = 0; i < nread; i++) {
                    trimbuf[i] = inbuf[i];
                }

                // write out the size-adjusted buffer
                outputStream.write(trimbuf);
            }

            outputStream.flush();
            cin.close();
            inputStream.close();
            outputStream.close();
            Db("wrote " + totalread + " encrypted bytes");
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(AES.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * adding main() for usage demonstration. With member vars, some of the locals would not be needed
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // create the input.txt file in the current directory before continuing
        File   input   = new File("input.txt");
        File   eoutput = new File("encrypted.aes");
        File   doutput = new File("decrypted.txt");
        String iv      = null;
        String salt    = null;
        AES    en      = new AES("mypassword");

        /*
         * write out encrypted file
         */
        try {
            en.WriteEncryptedFile(new FileInputStream(input), new FileOutputStream(eoutput));
            System.out.printf("File encrypted to " + eoutput.getName() + "\niv:" + iv + "\nsalt:" + salt + "\n\n");
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException | IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        /*
         * decrypt file
         */
        AES dc = new AES("mypassword");

        /*
         * write out decrypted file
         */
        try {
            dc.ReadEncryptedFile(new FileInputStream(eoutput), new FileOutputStream(doutput));
            System.out.println("decryption finished to " + doutput.getName());
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException | IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

---

（可能对其他有类似要求的人有帮助）

我有类似的要求在 Java 中使用 AES-256-CBC 加密和解密。

要实现（或指定）256 字节加密/解密，Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) 政策应设置为 "Unlimited"

可以在 $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security（JDK）或 $JAVA_HOME/lib/security（JRE）下的 java.security 文件中设置

crypto.policy=unlimited

或者在代码中

Security.setProperty("crypto.policy", "unlimited");

Java 9 及更高版本默认启用此功能。

---

考虑使用我是作者的 Encryptor4j。

首先确保您在继续之前安装了 Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy 文件，以便您可以使用 256 位 AES 密钥。

然后执行以下操作：

String password = "mysupersecretpassword"; 
Key key = KeyFactory.AES.keyFromPassword(password.toCharArray());
Encryptor encryptor = new Encryptor(key, "AES/CBC/PKCS7Padding", 16);

您现在可以使用加密器来加密您的消息。如果您愿意，您还可以执行流式加密。为了您的方便，它会自动生成并预先添加一个安全的 IV。

如果它是您希望压缩的文件，请查看此答案 Encrypting a large file with AES using JAVA 以获得更简单的方法。

---

使用此类进行加密。有用。

public class ObjectCrypter {


    public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] ivBytes, byte[] keyBytes, byte[] mes) 
            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
            NoSuchPaddingException,
            InvalidKeyException,
            InvalidAlgorithmParameterException,
            IllegalBlockSizeException,
            BadPaddingException, IOException {

        AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(ivBytes);
        SecretKeySpec newKey = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = null;
        cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, newKey, ivSpec);
        return  cipher.doFinal(mes);

    }

    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] ivBytes, byte[] keyBytes, byte[] bytes) 
            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
            NoSuchPaddingException,
            InvalidKeyException,
            InvalidAlgorithmParameterException,
            IllegalBlockSizeException,
            BadPaddingException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

        AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(ivBytes);
        SecretKeySpec newKey = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, newKey, ivSpec);
        return  cipher.doFinal(bytes);

    }
}

这些是 ivBytes 和随机密钥；

String key = "e8ffc7e56311679f12b6fc91aa77a5eb";

byte[] ivBytes = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
keyBytes = key.getBytes("UTF-8");

---