在所有表中的所有字段中搜索特定值 (Oracle)

引用：

我已经尝试使用下面的这个语句来根据我认为应该命名的内容找到一个合适的列，但它没有返回任何结果。* SELECT * from dba_objects WHERE object_name like '%DTN%'

列不是对象。如果您的意思是您希望列名类似于“%DTN%”，那么您想要的查询是：

SELECT owner, table_name, column_name FROM all_tab_columns WHERE column_name LIKE '%DTN%';

但是，如果“DTN”字符串只是您的猜测，那可能无济于事。

顺便说一句，您有多确定 '1/22/2008P09RR8' 是直接从单个列中选择的值？如果您根本不知道它来自哪里，它可能是多个列的串联，或者某个函数的结果，或者位于嵌套表对象中的值。因此，您可能会大吃一惊，试图检查每一列的值。您不能从显示此值的任何客户端应用程序开始并尝试找出它使用什么查询来获取它吗？

无论如何，diciu 的回答提供了一种生成 SQL 查询以检查每个表的每一列的值的方法。您还可以使用 PL/SQL 块和动态 SQL 在一个 SQL 会话中完全完成类似的工作。这是一些仓促编写的代码：

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 100000

    DECLARE
      match_count INTEGER;
    BEGIN
      FOR t IN (SELECT owner, table_name, column_name
                  FROM all_tab_columns
                  WHERE owner <> 'SYS' and data_type LIKE '%CHAR%') LOOP

        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
          'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ' || t.owner || '.' || t.table_name ||
          ' WHERE '||t.column_name||' = :1'
          INTO match_count
          USING '1/22/2008P09RR8';

        IF match_count > 0 THEN
          dbms_output.put_line( t.table_name ||' '||t.column_name||' '||match_count );
        END IF;

      END LOOP;

    END;
    /

也有一些方法可以提高效率。

在这种情况下，给定您要查找的值，您可以清楚地消除任何 NUMBER 或 DATE 类型的列，这将减少查询次数。甚至可能将其限制为类型类似于 '%CHAR%' 的列。

您可以像这样为每个表构建一个查询，而不是每列一个查询：

SELECT * FROM table1
  WHERE column1 = 'value'
     OR column2 = 'value'
     OR column3 = 'value'
     ...
     ;

---

如果您只在一个所有者中搜索，我对上述代码进行了一些修改以使其更快地工作。您只需更改 3 个变量 v_owner、v_data_type 和 v_search_string 以适应您正在搜索的内容。

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 100000

DECLARE
  match_count INTEGER;
-- Type the owner of the tables you are looking at
  v_owner VARCHAR2(255) :='ENTER_USERNAME_HERE';

-- Type the data type you are look at (in CAPITAL)
-- VARCHAR2, NUMBER, etc.
  v_data_type VARCHAR2(255) :='VARCHAR2';

-- Type the string you are looking at
  v_search_string VARCHAR2(4000) :='string to search here...';

BEGIN
  FOR t IN (SELECT table_name, column_name FROM all_tab_cols where owner=v_owner and data_type = v_data_type) LOOP

    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 
    'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM '||t.table_name||' WHERE '||t.column_name||' = :1'
    INTO match_count
    USING v_search_string;

    IF match_count > 0 THEN
      dbms_output.put_line( t.table_name ||' '||t.column_name||' '||match_count );
    END IF;

  END LOOP;
END;
/

---

我知道这是一个老话题。但我看到对问题的评论，询问是否可以在 SQL 中完成，而不是使用 PL/SQL。所以想发布一个解决方案。

下面的演示是为了 Search for a VALUE in all COLUMNS of all TABLES in an entire SCHEMA：

搜索 CHARACTER 类型

让我们在 SCOTT 架构中查找值 KING。

SQL> variable val varchar2(10)
SQL> exec :val := 'KING'

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTR (:val, 1, 11) "Searchword",
  2    SUBSTR (table_name, 1, 14) "Table",
  3    SUBSTR (column_name, 1, 14) "Column"
  4  FROM cols,
  5    TABLE (xmlsequence (dbms_xmlgen.getxmltype ('select '
  6    || column_name
  7    || ' from '
  8    || table_name
  9    || ' where upper('
 10    || column_name
 11    || ') like upper(''%'
 12    || :val
 13    || '%'')' ).extract ('ROWSET/ROW/*') ) ) t
 14  ORDER BY "Table"
 15  /

Searchword  Table          Column
----------- -------------- --------------
KING        EMP            ENAME

SQL>

搜索 NUMERIC 类型

让我们在 SCOTT 架构中查找值 20。

SQL> variable val NUMBER
SQL> exec :val := 20

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTR (:val, 1, 11) "Searchword",
  2    SUBSTR (table_name, 1, 14) "Table",
  3    SUBSTR (column_name, 1, 14) "Column"
  4  FROM cols,
  5    TABLE (xmlsequence (dbms_xmlgen.getxmltype ('select '
  6    || column_name
  7    || ' from '
  8    || table_name
  9    || ' where upper('
 10    || column_name
 11    || ') like upper(''%'
 12    || :val
 13    || '%'')' ).extract ('ROWSET/ROW/*') ) ) t
 14  ORDER BY "Table"
 15  /

Searchword  Table          Column
----------- -------------- --------------
20          DEPT           DEPTNO
20          EMP            DEPTNO
20          EMP            HIREDATE
20          SALGRADE       HISAL
20          SALGRADE       LOSAL

SQL>

---

是的，你可以，你的 DBA 会恨你，并且会发现你把你的鞋子钉在地板上，因为这会导致大量的 I/O 并在缓存清除时降低数据库性能。

select column_name from all_tab_columns c, user_all_tables u where c.table_name = u.table_name;

作为一个开始。

我将从使用 v$session 和 v$sqlarea 的运行查询开始。这根据 oracle 版本而变化。这将缩小空间并且不会击中所有内容。

---

这是另一个修改版本，它将比较较低的子字符串匹配。这适用于 Oracle 11g。

DECLARE
  match_count INTEGER;
-- Type the owner of the tables you are looking at
  v_owner VARCHAR2(255) :='OWNER_NAME';

-- Type the data type you are look at (in CAPITAL)
-- VARCHAR2, NUMBER, etc.
  v_data_type VARCHAR2(255) :='VARCHAR2';

-- Type the string you are looking at
  v_search_string VARCHAR2(4000) :='%lower-search-sub-string%';

BEGIN
  FOR t IN (SELECT table_name, column_name FROM all_tab_cols where owner=v_owner and data_type = v_data_type) LOOP

    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 
    'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM '||t.table_name||' WHERE lower('||t.column_name||') like :1'
    INTO match_count
    USING v_search_string;

    IF match_count > 0 THEN
      dbms_output.put_line( t.table_name ||' '||t.column_name||' '||match_count );
    END IF;

  END LOOP;
END;
/

---

我修改了 Flood 的脚本，使其对每个表执行一次，而不是对每个表的每一列执行一次，以加快执行速度。它需要 Oracle 11g 或更高版本。

    set serveroutput on size 100000

declare
    v_match_count integer;
    v_counter integer;

    -- The owner of the tables to search through (case-sensitive)
    v_owner varchar2(255) := 'OWNER_NAME';
    -- A string that is part of the data type(s) of the columns to search through (case-insensitive)
    v_data_type varchar2(255) := 'CHAR';
    -- The string to be searched for (case-insensitive)
    v_search_string varchar2(4000) := 'FIND_ME';

    -- Store the SQL to execute for each table in a CLOB to get around the 32767 byte max size for a VARCHAR2 in PL/SQL
    v_sql clob := '';
begin
    for cur_tables in (select owner, table_name from all_tables where owner = v_owner and table_name in 
                       (select table_name from all_tab_columns where owner = all_tables.owner and data_type like '%' ||  upper(v_data_type) || '%')
                       order by table_name) loop
        v_counter := 0;
        v_sql := '';

        for cur_columns in (select column_name from all_tab_columns where 
                            owner = v_owner and table_name = cur_tables.table_name and data_type like '%' || upper(v_data_type) || '%') loop
            if v_counter > 0 then
                v_sql := v_sql || ' or ';
            end if;
            v_sql := v_sql || 'upper(' || cur_columns.column_name || ') like ''%' || upper(v_search_string) || '%''';
            v_counter := v_counter + 1;
        end loop;

        v_sql := 'select count(*) from ' || cur_tables.table_name || ' where ' || v_sql;

        execute immediate v_sql
        into v_match_count;

        if v_match_count > 0 then
            dbms_output.put_line('Match in ' || cur_tables.owner || ': ' || cur_tables.table_name || ' - ' || v_match_count || ' records');
        end if;
    end loop;

    exception
        when others then
            dbms_output.put_line('Error when executing the following: ' || dbms_lob.substr(v_sql, 32600));
end;
/

---

我对@Lalit Kumars 的回答有以下问题，

ORA-19202: Error occurred in XML processing
ORA-00904: "SUCCESS": invalid identifier
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_XMLGEN", line 288
ORA-06512: at line 1
19202. 00000 -  "Error occurred in XML processing%s"
*Cause:    An error occurred when processing the XML function
*Action:   Check the given error message and fix the appropriate problem

解决方案是：

WITH  char_cols AS
  (SELECT /*+materialize */ table_name, column_name
   FROM   cols
   WHERE  data_type IN ('CHAR', 'VARCHAR2'))
SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTR (:val, 1, 11) "Searchword",
       SUBSTR (table_name, 1, 14) "Table",
       SUBSTR (column_name, 1, 14) "Column"
FROM   char_cols,
       TABLE (xmlsequence (dbms_xmlgen.getxmltype ('select "'
       || column_name
       || '" from "'
       || table_name
       || '" where upper("'
       || column_name
       || '") like upper(''%'
       || :val
       || '%'')' ).extract ('ROWSET/ROW/*') ) ) t
ORDER  BY "Table"
/ 

---

我会做这样的事情（生成你需要的所有选择）。您可以稍后将它们提供给 sqlplus：

echo "select table_name from user_tables;" | sqlplus -S user/pwd | grep -v "^--" | grep -v "TABLE_NAME" | grep "^[A-Z]" | while read sw;
do echo "desc $sw" | sqlplus -S user/pwd | grep -v "\-\-\-\-\-\-" | awk -F' ' '{print $1}' | while read nw;
do echo "select * from $sw where $nw='val'";
done;
done;

它产生：

select * from TBL1 where DESCRIPTION='val'
select * from TBL1 where ='val'
select * from TBL2 where Name='val'
select * from TBL2 where LNG_ID='val'

它的作用是 - 对于来自 user_tables 的每个 table_name，获取每个字段（来自 desc）并从字段等于“val”的表中创建一个 select *。

---

如果我们知道表和列的名称，但想找出每个模式出现字符串的次数：

Declare

owner VARCHAR2(1000);
tbl VARCHAR2(1000);
cnt number;
ct number;
str_sql varchar2(1000);
reason varchar2(1000);
x varchar2(1000):='%string_to_be_searched%';

cursor csr is select owner,table_name 
from all_tables where table_name ='table_name';

type rec1 is record (
ct VARCHAR2(1000));

type rec is record (
owner VARCHAR2(1000):='',
table_name VARCHAR2(1000):='');

rec2 rec;
rec3 rec1;
begin

for rec2 in csr loop

--str_sql:= 'select count(*) from '||rec.owner||'.'||rec.table_name||' where CTV_REMARKS like '||chr(39)||x||chr(39);
--dbms_output.put_line(str_sql);
--execute immediate str_sql

execute immediate 'select count(*) from '||rec2.owner||'.'||rec2.table_name||' where column_name like '||chr(39)||x||chr(39)
into rec3;
if rec3.ct <> 0 then
dbms_output.put_line(rec2.owner||','||rec3.ct);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
end;

---

搜索整个数据库的过程：

    CREATE or REPLACE PROCEDURE SEARCH_DB(SEARCH_STR IN VARCHAR2, TAB_COL_RECS OUT VARCHAR2) IS
      match_count integer;
      qry_str varchar2(1000);
      CURSOR TAB_COL_CURSOR IS 
          SELECT TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,OWNER,DATA_TYPE FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS WHERE DATA_TYPE in ('NUMBER','VARCHAR2') AND OWNER='SCOTT';
          BEGIN  
            FOR TAB_COL_REC  IN TAB_COL_CURSOR
            LOOP
              qry_str := 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM '||TAB_COL_REC.OWNER||'.'||TAB_COL_REC.TABLE_NAME|| 
              ' WHERE '||TAB_COL_REC.COLUMN_NAME;
               IF TAB_COL_REC.DATA_TYPE = 'NUMBER' THEN
                      qry_str := qry_str||'='||SEARCH_STR; 
               ELSE
                       qry_str := qry_str||' like '||SEARCH_STR; 
               END IF;
                       --dbms_output.put_line( qry_str );
                EXECUTE IMMEDIATE  qry_str  INTO match_count;
                IF match_count > 0 THEN          
                   dbms_output.put_line( qry_str );
                  --dbms_output.put_line( TAB_COL_REC.TABLE_NAME ||' '||TAB_COL_REC.COLUMN_NAME ||' '||match_count);     
                    TAB_COL_RECS := TAB_COL_RECS||'@@'||TAB_COL_REC.TABLE_NAME||'##'||TAB_COL_REC.COLUMN_NAME;
                END IF; 
          END LOOP;
     END SEARCH_DB;    

执行语句

  DECLARE
    SEARCH_STR VARCHAR2(200);
    TAB_COL_RECS VARCHAR2(200);
    BEGIN
      SEARCH_STR := 10;
      SEARCH_DB(
        SEARCH_STR => SEARCH_STR,
        TAB_COL_RECS => TAB_COL_RECS
      );
     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TAB_COL_RECS = ' || TAB_COL_RECS);
     END;

样本结果

Connecting to the database test.
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SCOTT.EMP WHERE DEPTNO=10
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SCOTT.DEPT WHERE DEPTNO=10
TAB_COL_RECS = @@EMP##DEPTNO@@DEPT##DEPTNO
Process exited.
Disconnecting from the database test.

---

我没有关于 SQL 提示的简单解决方案。然而，有很多工具，如 toad 和 PL/SQL Developer，它们有一个 GUI，用户可以在其中输入要搜索的字符串，它会返回找到的表/过程/对象。

---

有一些免费工具可以进行此类搜索，例如，这个工作正常并且源代码可用：https://sites.google.com/site/freejansoft/dbsearch

您需要 Oracle ODBC 驱动程序和 DSN 才能使用此工具。

---

修改代码以使用 LIKE 查询不区分大小写搜索，而不是查找完全匹配...

DECLARE
  match_count INTEGER;
  -- Type the owner of the tables you want to search.
  v_owner VARCHAR2(255) :='USER';
  -- Type the data type you're looking for (in CAPS). Examples include: VARCHAR2, NUMBER, etc.
  v_data_type VARCHAR2(255) :='VARCHAR2';
  -- Type the string you are looking for.
  v_search_string VARCHAR2(4000) :='Test';
BEGIN
  dbms_output.put_line( 'Starting the search...' );
  FOR t IN (SELECT table_name, column_name FROM all_tab_cols where owner=v_owner and data_type = v_data_type) LOOP
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 
    'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM '||t.table_name||' WHERE LOWER('||t.column_name||') LIKE :1'
    INTO match_count
    USING LOWER('%'||v_search_string||'%');
    IF match_count > 0 THEN
      dbms_output.put_line( t.table_name ||' '||t.column_name||' '||match_count );
    END IF;
  END LOOP;
END;

---

我找到了最好的解决方案，但它有点慢。 （它将与所有 SQL IDE 完美配合。）

SELECT DISTINCT table_name, column_name, data_type
  FROM user_tab_cols,
  TABLE (xmlsequence (dbms_xmlgen.getxmltype ('select '
  || column_name
  || ' from '
  || table_name
  || ' where lower('
  || column_name
  || ') like lower(''%'
  || 'your_text_here'
  || '%'')' ).extract ('ROWSET/ROW/*') ) ) a
  where table_name not in (
    select distinct table_name
      from user_tab_cols where data_type like 'SDO%'
      or data_type like '%LOB') AND DATA_TYPE = 'VARCHAR2'
  order by table_name, column_name;

---

--运行完成--没有错误

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 100000

DECLARE
   v_match_count     INTEGER;
   v_counter         INTEGER;




v_owner           VARCHAR2 (255) := 'VASOA';
v_search_string   VARCHAR2 (4000) := '99999';
v_data_type       VARCHAR2 (255) := 'CHAR';
v_sql             CLOB := '';

BEGIN
   FOR cur_tables
      IN (  SELECT owner, table_name
              FROM all_tables
             WHERE     owner = v_owner
                   AND table_name IN (SELECT table_name
                                        FROM all_tab_columns
                                       WHERE     owner = all_tables.owner
                                             AND data_type LIKE
                                                       '%'
                                                    || UPPER (v_data_type)
                                                    || '%')
          ORDER BY table_name)
   LOOP
      v_counter := 0;
      v_sql := '';

      FOR cur_columns
         IN (SELECT column_name, table_name
               FROM all_tab_columns
              WHERE     owner = v_owner
                    AND table_name = cur_tables.table_name
                    AND data_type LIKE '%' || UPPER (v_data_type) || '%')
      LOOP
         IF v_counter > 0
         THEN
            v_sql := v_sql || ' or ';
         END IF;

         IF cur_columns.column_name is not null
         THEN
            v_sql :=
                  v_sql
               || 'upper('
               || cur_columns.column_name
               || ') ='''
               || UPPER (v_search_string)||'''';

            v_counter := v_counter + 1;
         END IF;

      END LOOP;

      IF v_sql is  null
      THEN
         v_sql :=
               'select count(*) from '
            || v_owner
            || '.'
            || cur_tables.table_name;

      END IF;

      IF v_sql is not null
      THEN
         v_sql :=
               'select count(*) from '
            || v_owner
            || '.'
            || cur_tables.table_name
            || ' where '
            || v_sql;
      END IF;

      --v_sql := 'select count(*) from ' ||v_owner||'.'|| cur_tables.table_name ||' where '||  v_sql;


      --dbms_output.put_line(v_sql);
      --DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (v_sql);

      EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql INTO v_match_count;

      IF v_match_count > 0
      THEN
        DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (v_sql);
        dbms_output.put_line('Match in ' || cur_tables.owner || ': ' || cur_tables.table_name || ' - ' || v_match_count || ' records');
      END IF;

   END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS
   THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (
            'Error when executing the following: '
         || DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR (v_sql, 32600));
END;
/

---

从 this Blog post 借用、稍微增强和简化以下简单的 SQL 语句似乎可以很好地完成工作：

SELECT DISTINCT (:val) "Search Value", TABLE_NAME "Table", COLUMN_NAME "Column"
FROM cols,
     TABLE (XMLSEQUENCE (DBMS_XMLGEN.GETXMLTYPE(
       'SELECT "' || COLUMN_NAME || '" FROM "' || TABLE_NAME || '" WHERE UPPER("'
       || COLUMN_NAME || '") LIKE UPPER(''%' || :val || '%'')' ).EXTRACT ('ROWSET/ROW/*')))
ORDER BY "Table";

---

Oracle LIKE 条件允许在 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE 或 DELETE 语句的 WHERE 子句中使用通配符。

%：匹配任意长度的任意字符串

例如-

SELECT last_name
   FROM   customer_tab
   WHERE  last_name LIKE '%A%';

-：匹配单个字符

例如-

SELECT last_name
   FROM   customer_tab
   WHERE  last_name LIKE 'A_t';

---