实现 C# 通用超时

这里真正棘手的部分是通过将执行程序线程从 Action 传递回可以中止的地方来终止长时间运行的任务。我通过使用一个包装的委托来实现这一点，该委托将要杀死的线程传递到创建 lambda 的方法中的一个局部变量中。

我提交这个例子，为了你的享受。您真正感兴趣的方法是 CallWithTimeout。这将通过中止它并吞下 ThreadAbortException 来取消长时间运行的线程：

用法：

class Program
{

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        //try the five second method with a 6 second timeout
        CallWithTimeout(FiveSecondMethod, 6000);

        //try the five second method with a 4 second timeout
        //this will throw a timeout exception
        CallWithTimeout(FiveSecondMethod, 4000);
    }

    static void FiveSecondMethod()
    {
        Thread.Sleep(5000);
    }

做这项工作的静态方法：

    static void CallWithTimeout(Action action, int timeoutMilliseconds)
    {
        Thread threadToKill = null;
        Action wrappedAction = () =>
        {
            threadToKill = Thread.CurrentThread;
            try
            {
                action();
            }
            catch(ThreadAbortException ex){
               Thread.ResetAbort();// cancel hard aborting, lets to finish it nicely.
            }
        };

        IAsyncResult result = wrappedAction.BeginInvoke(null, null);
        if (result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(timeoutMilliseconds))
        {
            wrappedAction.EndInvoke(result);
        }
        else
        {
            threadToKill.Abort();
            throw new TimeoutException();
        }
    }

}

---

我们在生产中大量使用这样的代码：

var result = WaitFor<Result>.Run(1.Minutes(), () => service.GetSomeFragileResult());

实现是开源的，即使在并行计算场景中也能高效工作，并且作为 Lokad Shared Libraries 的一部分提供

/// <summary>
/// Helper class for invoking tasks with timeout. Overhead is 0,005 ms.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TResult">The type of the result.</typeparam>
[Immutable]
public sealed class WaitFor<TResult>
{
    readonly TimeSpan _timeout;

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WaitFor{T}"/> class, 
    /// using the specified timeout for all operations.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="timeout">The timeout.</param>
    public WaitFor(TimeSpan timeout)
    {
        _timeout = timeout;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Executes the spcified function within the current thread, aborting it
    /// if it does not complete within the specified timeout interval. 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="function">The function.</param>
    /// <returns>result of the function</returns>
    /// <remarks>
    /// The performance trick is that we do not interrupt the current
    /// running thread. Instead, we just create a watcher that will sleep
    /// until the originating thread terminates or until the timeout is
    /// elapsed.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">if function is null</exception>
    /// <exception cref="TimeoutException">if the function does not finish in time </exception>
    public TResult Run(Func<TResult> function)
    {
        if (function == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("function");

        var sync = new object();
        var isCompleted = false;

        WaitCallback watcher = obj =>
            {
                var watchedThread = obj as Thread;

                lock (sync)
                {
                    if (!isCompleted)
                    {
                        Monitor.Wait(sync, _timeout);
                    }
                }
                   // CAUTION: the call to Abort() can be blocking in rare situations
                    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ty8d3wta.aspx
                    // Hence, it should not be called with the 'lock' as it could deadlock
                    // with the 'finally' block below.

                    if (!isCompleted)
                    {
                        watchedThread.Abort();
                    }
        };

        try
        {
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(watcher, Thread.CurrentThread);
            return function();
        }
        catch (ThreadAbortException)
        {
            // This is our own exception.
            Thread.ResetAbort();

            throw new TimeoutException(string.Format("The operation has timed out after {0}.", _timeout));
        }
        finally
        {
            lock (sync)
            {
                isCompleted = true;
                Monitor.Pulse(sync);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Executes the spcified function within the current thread, aborting it
    /// if it does not complete within the specified timeout interval.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="timeout">The timeout.</param>
    /// <param name="function">The function.</param>
    /// <returns>result of the function</returns>
    /// <remarks>
    /// The performance trick is that we do not interrupt the current
    /// running thread. Instead, we just create a watcher that will sleep
    /// until the originating thread terminates or until the timeout is
    /// elapsed.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">if function is null</exception>
    /// <exception cref="TimeoutException">if the function does not finish in time </exception>
    public static TResult Run(TimeSpan timeout, Func<TResult> function)
    {
        return new WaitFor<TResult>(timeout).Run(function);
    }
}

这段代码还是有问题的，你可以试试这个小测试程序：

      static void Main(string[] args) {

         // Use a sb instead of Console.WriteLine() that is modifying how synchronous object are working
         var sb = new StringBuilder();

         for (var j = 1; j < 10; j++) // do the experiment 10 times to have chances to see the ThreadAbortException
         for (var ii = 8; ii < 15; ii++) {
            int i = ii;
            try {

               Debug.WriteLine(i);
               try {
                  WaitFor<int>.Run(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10), () => {
                     Thread.Sleep(i);
                     sb.Append("Processed " + i + "\r\n");
                     return i;
                  });
               }
               catch (TimeoutException) {
                  sb.Append("Time out for " + i + "\r\n");
               }

               Thread.Sleep(10);  // Here to wait until we get the abort procedure
            }
            catch (ThreadAbortException) {
               Thread.ResetAbort();
               sb.Append(" *** ThreadAbortException on " + i + " *** \r\n");
            }
         }

         Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString());
      }
   }

有一个竞争条件。很明显，在调用方法 WaitFor<int>.Run() 之后会引发 ThreadAbortException。我没有找到解决此问题的可靠方法，但是通过相同的测试，我无法重现 TheSoftwareJedi 接受的答案的任何问题。

https://i.stack.imgur.com/iX0X8.png

---

好吧，你可以用委托做事（BeginInvoke，用回调设置一个标志——原始代码等待那个标志或超时）——但问题是很难关闭正在运行的代码。例如，杀死（或暂停）一个线程是危险的......所以我认为没有一种简单的方法可以稳健地做到这一点。

我会发布这个，但请注意它并不理想 - 它不会停止长时间运行的任务，并且在失败时不会正确清理。

    static void Main()
    {
        DoWork(OK, 5000);
        DoWork(Nasty, 5000);
    }
    static void OK()
    {
        Thread.Sleep(1000);
    }
    static void Nasty()
    {
        Thread.Sleep(10000);
    }
    static void DoWork(Action action, int timeout)
    {
        ManualResetEvent evt = new ManualResetEvent(false);
        AsyncCallback cb = delegate {evt.Set();};
        IAsyncResult result = action.BeginInvoke(cb, null);
        if (evt.WaitOne(timeout))
        {
            action.EndInvoke(result);
        }
        else
        {
            throw new TimeoutException();
        }
    }
    static T DoWork<T>(Func<T> func, int timeout)
    {
        ManualResetEvent evt = new ManualResetEvent(false);
        AsyncCallback cb = delegate { evt.Set(); };
        IAsyncResult result = func.BeginInvoke(cb, null);
        if (evt.WaitOne(timeout))
        {
            return func.EndInvoke(result);
        }
        else
        {
            throw new TimeoutException();
        }
    }

---

对 Pop Catalin 的最佳答案的一些小改动：

函数而不是动作

超时值错误引发异常

在超时的情况下调用 EndInvoke

添加了重载以支持信号工作者取消执行：

public static T Invoke<T> (Func<CancelEventArgs, T> function, TimeSpan timeout) {
    if (timeout.TotalMilliseconds <= 0)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("timeout");

    CancelEventArgs args = new CancelEventArgs (false);
    IAsyncResult functionResult = function.BeginInvoke (args, null, null);
    WaitHandle waitHandle = functionResult.AsyncWaitHandle;
    if (!waitHandle.WaitOne (timeout)) {
        args.Cancel = true; // flag to worker that it should cancel!
        /* •————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•
           | IMPORTANT: Always call EndInvoke to complete your asynchronous call.   |
           | http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e08f6yc(VS.80).aspx           |
           | (even though we arn't interested in the result)                        |
           •————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————• */
        ThreadPool.UnsafeRegisterWaitForSingleObject (waitHandle,
            (state, timedOut) => function.EndInvoke (functionResult),
            null, -1, true);
        throw new TimeoutException ();
    }
    else
        return function.EndInvoke (functionResult);
}

public static T Invoke<T> (Func<T> function, TimeSpan timeout) {
    return Invoke (args => function (), timeout); // ignore CancelEventArgs
}

public static void Invoke (Action<CancelEventArgs> action, TimeSpan timeout) {
    Invoke<int> (args => { // pass a function that returns 0 & ignore result
        action (args);
        return 0;
    }, timeout);
}

public static void TryInvoke (Action action, TimeSpan timeout) {
    Invoke (args => action (), timeout); // ignore CancelEventArgs
}

---

这就是我的做法：

public static class Runner
{
    public static void Run(Action action, TimeSpan timeout)
    {
        IAsyncResult ar = action.BeginInvoke(null, null);
        if (ar.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(timeout))
            action.EndInvoke(ar); // This is necesary so that any exceptions thrown by action delegate is rethrown on completion
        else
            throw new TimeoutException("Action failed to complete using the given timeout!");
    }
}

---

我现在刚刚把它淘汰了，所以它可能需要一些改进，但会做你想做的。这是一个简单的控制台应用程序，但演示了所需的原则。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;


namespace TemporalThingy
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Action action = () => Thread.Sleep(10000);
            DoSomething(action, 5000);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static void DoSomething(Action action, int timeout)
        {
            EventWaitHandle waitHandle = new EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode.ManualReset);
            AsyncCallback callback = ar => waitHandle.Set();
            action.BeginInvoke(callback, null);

            if (!waitHandle.WaitOne(timeout))
                throw new Exception("Failed to complete in the timeout specified.");
        }
    }

}

---

使用 Thread.Join(int timeout) 怎么样？

public static void CallWithTimeout(Action act, int millisecondsTimeout)
{
    var thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(act));
    thread.Start();
    if (!thread.Join(millisecondsTimeout))
        throw new Exception("Timed out");
}

---