是否可以将组件作为道具传递并在 Vue 的子组件中使用它？

Summing up:

<!-- Component A -->
<template>
  <div class="A">
    <B>
      <component :is="child_component"></component>
    </B>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import B from './B.vue';
import Equipment from './Equipment.vue';

export default {
  name: 'A',
  components: { B, Equipment },
  data() {
    return { child_component: 'equipment' };
  }
};
</script>

<!-- Component B -->
<template>
  <div class="B">
    <h1>Some content</h1>
    <slot></slot> <!-- Component C will appear here -->
  </div>
</template>

You can use special attribute is for doing this kind of thing. Example of dynamic component and its usage can be found here.

You can use the same mount point and dynamically switch between multiple components using the reserved element and dynamically bind to its is attribute:

Your code will look like following:

<template>
  <div class="B">
    <component :is="child_component"> Something else</component>
  </div>
</template>

Here's solution to forward custom component through props of another component

:is is special attribute and it will be used to replace your actual component and it will be ignored if you try to use it as a prop in your component. Luckily you can use something else like el and then forward this to component like so:

<template>
  <div>
    <component :is="el">
      <slot />
    </component>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
  export default {
    name: 'RenderDynamicChild',
    props: {
        el: {
            type: [String, Object],
            default: 'div',
        },
    },
  }
</script>

Any valid element you use in el attribute will be used as a child component. It can be html or reference to your custom component or div by default as specified in component declaration.

Passing custom component to prop is little bit tricky. One would assume you declare in a components property of parent component and then use it for el attribute but this doesn't work. Instead you need to have your dynamic component in data or computed property so you can use it in a template as a prop. Also note AnotherComponent doesn't need to be declared in components property.

<template>
  <RenderDynamicChild :el="DynamicComponent">
    Hello Vue!
  </RenderDynamicChild>
</template>

<script>
import RenderDynamicChild from './DynamicChild';
import AnotherComponent from './AnotherComponent';

export default {
  name: "ParentComponent",
  components: { DynamicChild },
  data() {
    return {
      DynamicComponent: AnotherComponent,
    };
  },
};
</script>

Using computed property for your dynamic component allows you to switch between components easily:

<script>
import DynamicChild from './DynamicChild';
import AnotherComponent from './AnotherComponent';

export default {
  name: "ParentComponent",
  components: { DynamicChild },
  data() { return { count: 0 } },
  computed: {
    DynamicComponent() {
      return this.count % 2 > 1 ? AnotherComponent : 'article';
    },
  },
};
</script>

Increase this.count to alternate between AnotherComponent and simple article html element.

If you would like to use another component within your functional component you can do the following:

<script>
  import Vue from 'vue'
  import childComponent from './childComponent'
  Vue.component('child-component')
  export default {}
</script>


<template functional>
  <div>
    <child-component/>
  </div>
</template>

Reference: https://github.com/vuejs/vue/issues/7492#issue-290242300

Maybe it's too late to answer this question. But I think it could help others with this same issue.

I've been looking for a way to pass components throw others in vue, but it looks that VUE3 have a approach for that using named slots:

Here it's the documentation about that: https://v3.vuejs.org/guide/component-slots.html#named-slots

Basically you can have:

<template>
  <div class="A">
    <slot name="ComponentC"></slot> <!-- Here will be rendered your ComponentC -->
  </div>
  <div class="A">
    <slot name="ComponentD"></slot> <!-- Here will be rendered your ComponentD -->
  </div>
  <div class="A">
    <slot></slot> <!-- This is going to be children components -->
  </div>
</template>

And from your B component

<template>
  <div class="B">
    <A>
      <template v-slot:ComponentC>
        <h1>Title of ComponentC </h1>
      </template>
      <template v-slot:ComponentD>
        <h1>Title of ComponentD </h1>
      </template>
      <template v-slot:default>
        <h1>Title of child component </h1>
      </template>
    </A>
  </div>
</template>