如何更新 ASP.NET Identity 中的声明？

我创建了一个扩展方法来基于给定的 ClaimsIdentity 添加/更新/读取声明

namespace Foobar.Common.Extensions
{
    public static class Extensions
    {
        public static void AddUpdateClaim(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal, string key, string value)
        {
            var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            if (identity == null)
                return;

            // check for existing claim and remove it
            var existingClaim = identity.FindFirst(key);
            if (existingClaim != null)
                identity.RemoveClaim(existingClaim);

            // add new claim
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(key, value));
            var authenticationManager = HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().Authentication;
            authenticationManager.AuthenticationResponseGrant = new AuthenticationResponseGrant(new ClaimsPrincipal(identity), new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = true });
        }

        public static string GetClaimValue(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal, string key)
        {
            var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            if (identity == null)
                return null;

            var claim = identity.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Type == key);
            return claim.Value;
        }
    }
}

然后使用它

using Foobar.Common.Extensions;

namespace Foobar.Web.Main.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            // add/updating claims
            User.AddUpdateClaim("key1", "value1");
            User.AddUpdateClaim("key2", "value2");
            User.AddUpdateClaim("key3", "value3");
        }

        public ActionResult Details()
        {
            // reading a claim
            var key2 = User.GetClaimValue("key2");          
        }
    }
}

您可以创建一个新的 ClaimsIdentity，然后使用它进行声明更新。

set {
    // get context of the authentication manager
    var authenticationManager = HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication;

    // create a new identity from the old one
    var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(User.Identity);

    // update claim value
    identity.RemoveClaim(identity.FindFirst("AccountNo"));
    identity.AddClaim(new Claim("AccountNo", value));

    // tell the authentication manager to use this new identity
    authenticationManager.AuthenticationResponseGrant = 
        new AuthenticationResponseGrant(
            new ClaimsPrincipal(identity),
            new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true }
        );
}

另一种（异步）方法，使用 Identity 的 UserManager 和 SigninManager 来反映 Identity cookie 中的更改（并可选择从 db 表 AspNetUserClaims 中删除声明）：

// Get User and a claims-based identity
ApplicationUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(User.Identity.GetUserId());
var Identity = new ClaimsIdentity(User.Identity);

// Remove existing claim and replace with a new value
await UserManager.RemoveClaimAsync(user.Id, Identity.FindFirst("AccountNo"));
await UserManager.AddClaimAsync(user.Id, new Claim("AccountNo", value));

// Re-Signin User to reflect the change in the Identity cookie
await SignInManager.SignInAsync(user, isPersistent: false, rememberBrowser: false);

// [optional] remove claims from claims table dbo.AspNetUserClaims, if not needed
var userClaims = UserManager.GetClaims(user.Id);
if (userClaims.Any())
{
  foreach (var item in userClaims)
  {
    UserManager.RemoveClaim(user.Id, item);
  }
}

将最新的 Asp.Net Identity 与 .net core 2.1 结合使用，我能够使用以下逻辑更新用户声明。

注册一个 UserClaimsPrincipalFactory 以便每次 SignInManager 输入用户时，都会创建声明。 services.AddScoped, UserClaimService>();实现自定义 UserClaimsPrincipalFactory 如下公共类 UserClaimService ： UserClaimsPrincipalFactory { private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;公共 UserClaimService(ApplicationDbContext dbContext, UserManager userManager, RoleManager roleManager, IOptions optionsAccessor) : base(userManager, roleManager, optionsAccessor) { _dbContext = dbContext; } 公共覆盖异步任务 CreateAsync(ApplicationUser user) { var principal = await base.CreateAsync(user); // 使用 dbContext 从数据库获取用户声明 // 添加声明 ((ClaimsIdentity)principal.Identity).AddClaim(new Claim("claimType", "some important claim value"));返还本金；稍后在您的应用程序中，当您更改数据库中的某些内容并希望将其反映给您经过身份验证和登录的用户时，以下行实现了这一点： var user = await _userManager.GetUserAsync(User);等待_signInManager.RefreshSignInAsync（用户）；

这确保用户无需再次登录即可查看最新信息。我把它放在控制器中返回结果之前，这样当操作完成时，一切都会安全地刷新。

无需编辑现有声明并为安全 cookie 等创建竞争条件，您只需静默登录用户并刷新状态 :)

我也得到了那个例外，并像这样清理了事情

var identity = User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
var newIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(identity.AuthenticationType, identity.NameClaimType, identity.RoleClaimType);
newIdentity.AddClaims(identity.Claims.Where(c => false == (c.Type == claim.Type && c.Value == claim.Value)));
// the claim has been removed, you can add it with a new value now if desired
AuthenticationManager.SignOut(identity.AuthenticationType);
AuthenticationManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, newIdentity);

用我的补充将这里的一些答案编译成可重用的 ClaimsManager 类。

声明被保留，用户 cookie 更新，登录刷新。

请注意，如果您没有自定义前者，ApplicationUser 可以替换为 IdentityUser。同样在我的情况下，它需要在开发环境中具有稍微不同的逻辑，因此您可能需要删除 IWebHostEnvironment 依赖项。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using YourMvcCoreProject.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

namespace YourMvcCoreProject.Identity
{
    public class ClaimsManager
    {
        private readonly UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;
        private readonly SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;
        private readonly IWebHostEnvironment _env;
        private readonly ClaimsPrincipalAccessor _currentPrincipalAccessor;

        public ClaimsManager(
            ClaimsPrincipalAccessor currentPrincipalAccessor,
            UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager,
            SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager,
            IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            _currentPrincipalAccessor = currentPrincipalAccessor;
            _userManager = userManager;
            _signInManager = signInManager;
            _env = env;
        }

        /// <param name="refreshSignin">Sometimes (e.g. when adding multiple claims at once) it is desirable to refresh cookie only once, for the last one </param>
        public async Task AddUpdateClaim(string claimType, string claimValue, bool refreshSignin = true)
        {
            await AddClaim(
                _currentPrincipalAccessor.ClaimsPrincipal,
                claimType,
                claimValue, 
                async user =>
                {
                    await RemoveClaim(_currentPrincipalAccessor.ClaimsPrincipal, user, claimType);
                },
                refreshSignin);
        }

        public async Task AddClaim(string claimType, string claimValue, bool refreshSignin = true)
        {
            await AddClaim(_currentPrincipalAccessor.ClaimsPrincipal, claimType, claimValue, refreshSignin);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// At certain stages of user auth there is no user yet in context but there is one to work with in client code (e.g. calling from ClaimsTransformer)
        /// that's why we have principal as param
        /// </summary>
        public async Task AddClaim(ClaimsPrincipal principal, string claimType, string claimValue, bool refreshSignin = true)
        {
            await AddClaim(
                principal,
                claimType,
                claimValue, 
                async user =>
                {
                    // allow reassignment in dev
                    if (_env.IsDevelopment()) 
                        await RemoveClaim(principal, user, claimType);

                    if (GetClaim(principal, claimType) != null)
                        throw new ClaimCantBeReassignedException(claimType);                
                },
                refreshSignin);
        }

        public async Task RemoveClaims(IEnumerable<string> claimTypes, bool refreshSignin = true)
        {
            await RemoveClaims(_currentPrincipalAccessor.ClaimsPrincipal, claimTypes, refreshSignin);
        }

        public async Task RemoveClaims(ClaimsPrincipal principal, IEnumerable<string> claimTypes, bool refreshSignin = true)
        {
            AssertAuthenticated(principal);
            foreach (var claimType in claimTypes)
            {
                await RemoveClaim(principal, claimType);
            }
            // reflect the change in the Identity cookie
            if (refreshSignin)
                await _signInManager.RefreshSignInAsync(await _userManager.GetUserAsync(principal));
        }

        public async Task RemoveClaim(string claimType, bool refreshSignin = true)
        {
            await RemoveClaim(_currentPrincipalAccessor.ClaimsPrincipal, claimType, refreshSignin);
        }

        public async Task RemoveClaim(ClaimsPrincipal principal, string claimType, bool refreshSignin = true)
        {
            AssertAuthenticated(principal);
            var user = await _userManager.GetUserAsync(principal);
            await RemoveClaim(principal, user, claimType);
            // reflect the change in the Identity cookie
            if (refreshSignin)
                await _signInManager.RefreshSignInAsync(user);
        }

        private async Task AddClaim(ClaimsPrincipal principal, string claimType, string claimValue, Func<ApplicationUser, Task> processExistingClaims, bool refreshSignin)
        {
            AssertAuthenticated(principal);
            var user = await _userManager.GetUserAsync(principal);
            await processExistingClaims(user);
            var claim = new Claim(claimType, claimValue);
            ClaimsIdentity(principal).AddClaim(claim);
            await _userManager.AddClaimAsync(user, claim);
            // reflect the change in the Identity cookie
            if (refreshSignin)
                await _signInManager.RefreshSignInAsync(user);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Due to bugs or as result of debug it can be more than one identity of the same type.
        /// The method removes all the claims of a given type.
        /// </summary>
        private async Task RemoveClaim(ClaimsPrincipal principal, ApplicationUser user, string claimType)
        {
            AssertAuthenticated(principal);
            var identity = ClaimsIdentity(principal);
            var claims = identity.FindAll(claimType).ToArray();
            if (claims.Length > 0)
            {
                await _userManager.RemoveClaimsAsync(user, claims);
                foreach (var c in claims)
                {
                    identity.RemoveClaim(c);
                }
            }
        }

        private static Claim GetClaim(ClaimsPrincipal principal, string claimType)
        {
            return ClaimsIdentity(principal).FindFirst(claimType);    
        }    

        /// <summary>
        /// This kind of bugs has to be found during testing phase
        /// </summary>
        private static void AssertAuthenticated(ClaimsPrincipal principal)
        {
            if (!principal.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("User should be authenticated in order to update claims");
        }

        private static ClaimsIdentity ClaimsIdentity(ClaimsPrincipal principal)
        {
            return (ClaimsIdentity) principal.Identity;
        }
    }


    public class ClaimCantBeReassignedException : Exception
    {
        public ClaimCantBeReassignedException(string claimType) : base($"{claimType} can not be reassigned")
        {
        }
    }

public class ClaimsPrincipalAccessor
{
    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;

    public ClaimsPrincipalAccessor(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
    {
        _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
    }

    public ClaimsPrincipal ClaimsPrincipal => _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.User;
}

// to register dependency put this into your Startup.cs and inject ClaimsManager into Controller constructor (or other class) the in same way as you do for other dependencies    
public class Startup
{
    public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddTransient<ClaimsPrincipalAccessor>();
        services.AddTransient<ClaimsManager>();
    }
}

}

当我使用 MVC5 时，并在此处添加声明。

public async Task<ClaimsIdentity> GenerateUserIdentityAsync(PATAUserManager manager)
    {
        // Note the authenticationType must match the one defined in CookieAuthenticationOptions.AuthenticationType
        var userIdentity = await manager.CreateIdentityAsync(this, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);
        // Add custom user claims here
        userIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, this.Role));

        return userIdentity;
    }

当我在 SignInAsync 函数中检查声明结果时，无论如何我都无法使用角色值。但...

此请求完成后，我可以在其他操作（另一个请求）中访问角色。

 var userWithClaims = (ClaimsPrincipal)User;
        Claim CRole = userWithClaims.Claims.First(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.Role);

所以，我认为可能是异步导致 IEnumerable 在进程后面更新。

您可以通过实现 CookieAuthenticationEvents 类并覆盖 ValidatePrincipal 来更新当前用户的声明。您可以在此处删除旧声明，添加新声明，然后使用 CookieValidatePrincipalContext.ReplacePrincipal 替换主体。这不会影响存储在数据库中的任何声明。这是使用 ASP.NET Core Identity 2.2。

public class MyCookieAuthenticationEvents : CookieAuthenticationEvents
{
    string newAccountNo = "102";

    public override Task ValidatePrincipal(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
    {
        // first remove the old claim
        var claim = context.Principal.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData);
        if (claim != null)
        {
            ((ClaimsIdentity)context.Principal.Identity).RemoveClaim(claim);
        }

        // add the new claim
        ((ClaimsIdentity)context.Principal.Identity).AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, newAccountNo));

        // replace the claims
        context.ReplacePrincipal(context.Principal);
        context.ShouldRenew = true;

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

您需要在 Startup.cs 中注册事件类：

public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddScoped<MyCookieAuthenticationEvents>();

    services.ConfigureApplicationCookie(o =>
    {
        o.EventsType = typeof(MyCookieAuthenticationEvents);
    });
}

您可以将服务注入事件类以访问新的 AccountNo 值，但根据 this page 上的警告，您应该避免做任何过于昂贵的事情：

警告 这里描述的方法是在每个请求上触发的。在每个请求上为所有用户验证身份验证 cookie 可能会导致应用程序的性能大幅下降。

我正在使用 .net core 2.2 应用程序并使用以下解决方案：在我的 statup.cs

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
        ...
           services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>(options =>
               {
                  ...
               })
               .AddEntityFrameworkStores<AdminDbContext>()
               .AddDefaultTokenProviders()
               .AddSignInManager();

用法

  private readonly SignInManager<IdentityUser> _signInManager;


        public YourController(
                                    ...,
SignInManager<IdentityUser> signInManager)
        {
           ...
            _signInManager = signInManager;
        }

 public async Task<IActionResult> YourMethod() // <-NOTE IT IS ASYNC
        {
                var user = _userManager.FindByNameAsync(User.Identity.Name).Result;
                var claimToUse = ClaimsHelpers.CreateClaim(ClaimTypes.ActiveCompany, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(cc));
                var claimToRemove = _userManager.GetClaimsAsync(user).Result
                    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Type == ClaimTypes.ActiveCompany.ToString());
                if (claimToRemove != null)
                {
                    var result = _userManager.ReplaceClaimAsync(user, claimToRemove, claimToUse).Result;
                    await _signInManager.RefreshSignInAsync(user); //<--- THIS
                }
                else ...
              

目前为我更新现有索赔的最简单解决方案是：

//updating user data        
await signInManager.SignOutAsync();
await signInManager.SignInAsync(user, false);

感谢这个问题是关于 .NET 4/OWIN 的，但为了帮助搜索者寻找 .NET 5 或更高版本的等效版本，这里有一些示例代码。

我相信您可以改进它，但它是使用 Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity 中的 UserManager 和 SignInManager 的有效启动器。

// Get the user first first. 
var claims = await _userManager.GetClaimsAsync(user);
var givenNameClaim = claims.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Type == JwtClaimTypes.GivenName);

IdentityResult result = null;

if (givenNameClaim != null)
{
    result = await _userManager.ReplaceClaimAsync(user, givenNameClaim, new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.GivenName, "<newvalue>"));
}
else
{
    result = await _userManager.AddClaimAsync(user, new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.GivenName, "<newvalue>"));
}

if (result.Errors.Any())
{
    // TODO: List errors here;
}
else
{
    await _signInManager.RefreshSignInAsync(user); // refresh the login, so it takes effect immediately.
}

要从数据库中删除索赔详细信息，我们可以使用以下代码。此外，我们需要再次登录以更新 cookie 值

 // create a new identity 
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(User.Identity);

            // Remove the existing claim value of current user from database
            if(identity.FindFirst("NameOfUser")!=null)
                await UserManager.RemoveClaimAsync(applicationUser.Id, identity.FindFirst("NameOfUser"));

            // Update customized claim 
            await UserManager.AddClaimAsync(applicationUser.Id, new Claim("NameOfUser", applicationUser.Name));

            // the claim has been updates, We need to change the cookie value for getting the updated claim
            AuthenticationManager.SignOut(identity.AuthenticationType);
            await SignInManager.SignInAsync(Userprofile, isPersistent: false, rememberBrowser: false);

            return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");

多个 Cookie，多个声明

public class ClaimsCookie
    {
        private readonly ClaimsPrincipal _user;
        private readonly HttpContext _httpContext;
        public ClaimsCookie(ClaimsPrincipal user, HttpContext httpContext = null)
        {
            _user = user;
            _httpContext = httpContext;
        }

        public string GetValue(CookieName cookieName, KeyName keyName)
        {
            var principal = _user as ClaimsPrincipal;
            var cp = principal.Identities.First(i => i.AuthenticationType == ((CookieName)cookieName).ToString());
            return cp.FindFirst(((KeyName)keyName).ToString()).Value;
        }
        public async void SetValue(CookieName cookieName, KeyName[] keyName, string[] value)
        {
            if (keyName.Length != value.Length)
            {
                return;
            }
            var principal = _user as ClaimsPrincipal;
            var cp = principal.Identities.First(i => i.AuthenticationType == ((CookieName)cookieName).ToString());
            for (int i = 0; i < keyName.Length; i++)
            {
                if (cp.FindFirst(((KeyName)keyName[i]).ToString()) != null)
                {
                    cp.RemoveClaim(cp.FindFirst(((KeyName)keyName[i]).ToString()));
                    cp.AddClaim(new Claim(((KeyName)keyName[i]).ToString(), value[i]));
                }

            }
            await _httpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieName.UserProfilCookie.ToString());
            await _httpContext.SignInAsync(CookieName.UserProfilCookie.ToString(), new ClaimsPrincipal(cp),
                new AuthenticationProperties
                {
                    IsPersistent = bool.Parse(cp.FindFirst(KeyName.IsPersistent.ToString()).Value),
                    AllowRefresh = true
                });
        }
        public enum CookieName
        {
            CompanyUserProfilCookie = 0, UserProfilCookie = 1, AdminPanelCookie = 2
        }
        public enum KeyName
        {
            Id, Name, Surname, Image, IsPersistent
        }
    }

    if (HttpContext.User.Identity is ClaimsIdentity identity)
        {
            identity.RemoveClaim(identity.FindFirst("userId"));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim("userId", userInfo?.id.ToString()));
            await HttpContext.SignInAsync(
                CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
                new ClaimsPrincipal(HttpContext.User.Identity));
        }

扩展方法对我来说非常有用，但有一个例外是，如果用户在那里注销，旧的声明集仍然存在，因此只需稍作修改，如将 usermanager 传递给所有内容，效果都很好，您不需要注销和登录。我不能直接回答，因为我的名声已经被贬低了:(

public static class ClaimExtensions
{
    public static void AddUpdateClaim(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal,    string key, string value, ApplicationUserManager userManager)
    {
        var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
        if (identity == null)
            return;

        // check for existing claim and remove it
        var existingClaim = identity.FindFirst(key);
        if (existingClaim != null)
        {
            RemoveClaim(currentPrincipal, key, userManager);
        }

        // add new claim
        var claim = new Claim(key, value);
        identity.AddClaim(claim);
        var authenticationManager = HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().Authentication;
        authenticationManager.AuthenticationResponseGrant = new AuthenticationResponseGrant(new ClaimsPrincipal(identity), new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = true });
        //Persist to store
        userManager.AddClaim(identity.GetUserId(),claim);

    }

    public static void RemoveClaim(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal, string key, ApplicationUserManager userManager)
    {
        var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
        if (identity == null)
            return ;

        // check for existing claim and remove it
        var existingClaims = identity.FindAll(key);
        existingClaims.ForEach(c=> identity.RemoveClaim(c));

        //remove old claims from store
        var user = userManager.FindById(identity.GetUserId());
        var claims =  userManager.GetClaims(user.Id);
        claims.Where(x => x.Type == key).ToList().ForEach(c => userManager.RemoveClaim(user.Id, c));

    }

    public static string GetClaimValue(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal, string key)
    {
        var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
        if (identity == null)
            return null;

        var claim = identity.Claims.First(c => c.Type == key);
        return claim.Value;
    }

    public static string GetAllClaims(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal, ApplicationUserManager userManager)
    {
        var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
        if (identity == null)
            return null;

        var claims = userManager.GetClaims(identity.GetUserId());
        var userClaims = new StringBuilder();
        claims.ForEach(c => userClaims.AppendLine($"<li>{c.Type}, {c.Value}</li>"));
        return userClaims.ToString();
    }


}

干得好：

            var user = User as ClaimsPrincipal;
            var identity = user.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            var claim = (from c in user.Claims
                         where c.Type == ClaimTypes.UserData
                         select c).Single();
            identity.RemoveClaim(claim);

取自 here.