如何从 C# 执行命令行程序并取回 STD OUT 结果?具体来说,我想对以编程方式选择的两个文件执行 DIFF 并将结果写入文本框。
// Start the child process.
Process p = new Process();
// Redirect the output stream of the child process.
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.FileName = "YOURBATCHFILE.bat";
p.Start();
// Do not wait for the child process to exit before
// reading to the end of its redirected stream.
// p.WaitForExit();
// Read the output stream first and then wait.
string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
代码来自 MSDN。
这是一个快速示例:
//Create process
System.Diagnostics.Process pProcess = new System.Diagnostics.Process();
//strCommand is path and file name of command to run
pProcess.StartInfo.FileName = strCommand;
//strCommandParameters are parameters to pass to program
pProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = strCommandParameters;
pProcess.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
//Set output of program to be written to process output stream
pProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
//Optional
pProcess.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = strWorkingDirectory;
//Start the process
pProcess.Start();
//Get program output
string strOutput = pProcess.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
//Wait for process to finish
pProcess.WaitForExit();
还有一个我发现有用的参数,我用它来消除进程窗口
pProcess.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
如果这是您想要的,这有助于完全隐藏用户的黑色控制台窗口。
// usage
const string ToolFileName = "example.exe";
string output = RunExternalExe(ToolFileName);
public string RunExternalExe(string filename, string arguments = null)
{
var process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.FileName = filename;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(arguments))
{
process.StartInfo.Arguments = arguments;
}
process.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
process.StartInfo.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
var stdOutput = new StringBuilder();
process.OutputDataReceived += (sender, args) => stdOutput.AppendLine(args.Data); // Use AppendLine rather than Append since args.Data is one line of output, not including the newline character.
string stdError = null;
try
{
process.Start();
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
stdError = process.StandardError.ReadToEnd();
process.WaitForExit();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new Exception("OS error while executing " + Format(filename, arguments)+ ": " + e.Message, e);
}
if (process.ExitCode == 0)
{
return stdOutput.ToString();
}
else
{
var message = new StringBuilder();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(stdError))
{
message.AppendLine(stdError);
}
if (stdOutput.Length != 0)
{
message.AppendLine("Std output:");
message.AppendLine(stdOutput.ToString());
}
throw new Exception(Format(filename, arguments) + " finished with exit code = " + process.ExitCode + ": " + message);
}
}
private string Format(string filename, string arguments)
{
return "'" + filename +
((string.IsNullOrEmpty(arguments)) ? string.Empty : " " + arguments) +
"'";
}
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
和 if (process.ExitCode == 0)
接受的答案没有。
此页面上接受的答案有一个弱点,在极少数情况下会很麻烦。按照惯例,程序写入的文件句柄有两个,stdout 和 stderr。如果您只读取单个文件句柄,例如来自 Ray 的答案,并且您正在启动的程序将足够的输出写入 stderr,它将填满输出 stderr 缓冲区并阻塞。然后你的两个进程就死锁了。缓冲区大小可以是 4K。这在短期程序中极为罕见,但如果您有一个长期运行的程序反复输出到 stderr,它最终会发生。这很难调试和跟踪。
有几个很好的方法来处理这个问题。
一种方法是执行 cmd.exe 而不是您的程序,并使用 cmd.exe 的 /c 参数来调用您的程序以及 cmd.exe 的“2>&1”参数来告诉它合并 stdout 和 stderr。 var p = 新进程(); p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe"; p.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c mycmd.exe 2>&1";另一种方法是使用同时读取两个句柄的编程模型。 var p = 新进程(); p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe"; p.StartInfo.Arguments = @"/c 目录 \windows"; p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true; p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true; p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true; p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = false; p.OutputDataReceived += (a, b) => Console.WriteLine(b.Data); p.ErrorDataReceived += (a, b) => Console.WriteLine(b.Data); p.Start(); p.BeginErrorReadLine(); p.BeginOutputReadLine(); p.WaitForExit();
System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo psi =
new System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo(@"program_to_call.exe");
psi.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
psi.WindowStyle = System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;
psi.UseShellExecute = false;
System.Diagnostics.Process proc = System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(psi); ////
System.IO.StreamReader myOutput = proc.StandardOutput;
proc.WaitForExit(2000);
if (proc.HasExited)
{
string output = myOutput.ReadToEnd();
}
如果您不介意引入依赖项,CliWrap 可以为您简化:
using CliWrap;
using CliWrap.Buffered;
var result = await Cli.Wrap("target.exe")
.WithArguments("arguments")
.ExecuteBufferedAsync();
var stdout = result.StandardOutput;
您需要在启用 RedirectStandardOutput
的情况下使用 ProcessStartInfo
- 然后您可以读取输出流。您可能会发现使用“>”更容易将输出重定向到文件(通过操作系统),然后简单地读取文件。
[编辑:就像雷所做的那样:+1]
RedirectStandardOutput
。
单行运行命令:
new Process() { StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("echo", "Hello, World") }.Start();
以最少的可重复代码读取命令的输出:
var cliProcess = new Process() {
StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("echo", "Hello, World") {
UseShellExecute = false,
RedirectStandardOutput = true
}
};
cliProcess.Start();
string cliOut = cliProcess.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
cliProcess.WaitForExit();
cliProcess.Close();
如果您还需要在 cmd.exe 中执行某些命令,您可以执行以下操作:
// Start the child process.
Process p = new Process();
// Redirect the output stream of the child process.
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
p.StartInfo.Arguments = "/C vol";
p.Start();
// Read the output stream first and then wait.
string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
Console.WriteLine(output);
这仅返回命令本身的输出:
https://i.stack.imgur.com/O545N.png
您也可以使用 StandardInput
代替 StartInfo.Arguments
:
// Start the child process.
Process p = new Process();
// Redirect the output stream of the child process.
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
p.Start();
// Read the output stream first and then wait.
p.StandardInput.WriteLine("vol");
p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
Console.WriteLine(output);
结果如下所示:
https://i.stack.imgur.com/d6uj8.png
您可以使用 Process 类启动任何命令行程序,并使用您创建的流读取器(基于字符串或内存位置)设置 Process 实例的 StandardOutput 属性。该过程完成后,您可以在该流上执行您需要的任何差异。
如果您尝试查询 PC/服务器上的本地 ARP 缓存,这可能对某人有用。
List<string[]> results = new List<string[]>();
using (Process p = new Process())
{
p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c arp -a";
p.StartInfo.FileName = @"C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe";
p.Start();
string line;
while ((line = p.StandardOutput.ReadLine()) != null)
{
if (line != "" && !line.Contains("Interface") && !line.Contains("Physical Address"))
{
var lineArr = line.Trim().Split(' ').Select(n => n).Where(n => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(n)).ToArray();
var arrResult = new string[]
{
lineArr[0],
lineArr[1],
lineArr[2]
};
results.Add(arrResult);
}
}
p.WaitForExit();
}
由于这里的大多数答案都没有实现 IDisposable
的 using
声明以及我认为可能需要的其他一些东西,因此我将添加此答案。
对于 C# 8.0
// Start a process with the filename or path with filename e.g. "cmd". Please note the
//using statemant
using myProcess.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd";
// add the arguments - Note add "/c" if you want to carry out tge argument in cmd and
// terminate
myProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c dir";
// Allows to raise events
myProcess.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
//hosted by the application itself to not open a black cmd window
myProcess.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
myProcess.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
// Eventhander for data
myProcess.Exited += OnOutputDataRecived;
// Eventhandler for error
myProcess.ErrorDataReceived += OnErrorDataReceived;
// Eventhandler wich fires when exited
myProcess.Exited += OnExited;
// Starts the process
myProcess.Start();
//read the output before you wait for exit
myProcess.BeginOutputReadLine();
// wait for the finish - this will block (leave this out if you dont want to wait for
// it, so it runs without blocking)
process.WaitForExit();
// Handle the dataevent
private void OnOutputDataRecived(object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
//do something with your data
Trace.WriteLine(e.Data);
}
//Handle the error
private void OnErrorDataReceived(object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
Trace.WriteLine(e.Data);
//do something with your exception
throw new Exception();
}
// Handle Exited event and display process information.
private void OnExited(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Trace.WriteLine("Process exited");
}
这可能不是最好/最简单的方法,但可能是一种选择:
从代码执行时,添加“ > output.txt”,然后读入 output.txt 文件。
这是一个小例子:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var p = Process.Start(
new ProcessStartInfo("git", "branch --show-current")
{
CreateNoWindow = true,
UseShellExecute = false,
RedirectStandardError = true,
RedirectStandardOutput = true,
WorkingDirectory = Environment.CurrentDirectory
}
);
p.WaitForExit();
string branchName =p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd().TrimEnd();
string errorInfoIfAny =p.StandardError.ReadToEnd().TrimEnd();
if (errorInfoIfAny.Length != 0)
{
Console.WriteLine($"error: {errorInfoIfAny}");
}
else {
Console.WriteLine($"branch: {branchName}");
}
}
}
我相信这是最短的形式。
请注意,大多数命令行工具很容易混淆标准输出和标准错误,有时只需将它们组合成一个字符串就很有意义。
p.ExitCode
有时也可能有用。
Julian 的解决方案经过了一些小的修正测试。以下是同样使用 https://sourceforge.net/projects/bat-to-exe/ GenericConsole.cs 和 https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/19225/Bat-file-compiler program.txt 作为 args 部分的示例:
using System;
using System.Text; //StringBuilder
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
class Program
{
private static bool redirectStandardOutput = true;
private static string buildargument(string[] args)
{
StringBuilder arg = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
{
arg.Append("\"" + args[i] + "\" ");
}
return arg.ToString();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Process prc = new Process();
prc.StartInfo = //new ProcessStartInfo("cmd.exe", String.Format("/c \"\"{0}\" {1}", Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "mapTargetIDToTargetNameA3.bat"), buildargument(args)));
//new ProcessStartInfo(Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "mapTargetIDToTargetNameA3.bat"), buildargument(args));
new ProcessStartInfo("mapTargetIDToTargetNameA3.bat");
prc.StartInfo.Arguments = buildargument(args);
prc.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
if (redirectStandardOutput == true)
{
prc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
}
else
{
prc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true;
}
prc.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
prc.OutputDataReceived += OnOutputDataRecived;
prc.ErrorDataReceived += OnErrorDataReceived;
//prc.Exited += OnExited;
prc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = redirectStandardOutput;
prc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = redirectStandardOutput;
try
{
prc.Start();
prc.BeginOutputReadLine();
prc.BeginErrorReadLine();
prc.WaitForExit();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("OS error: " + e.Message);
}
prc.Close();
}
// Handle the dataevent
private static void OnOutputDataRecived(object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
//do something with your data
Console.WriteLine(e.Data);
}
//Handle the error
private static void OnErrorDataReceived(object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Data);
}
// Handle Exited event and display process information.
//private static void OnExited(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
//{
// var process = sender as Process;
// if (process != null)
// {
// Console.WriteLine("ExitCode: " + process.ExitCode);
// }
// else
// {
// Console.WriteLine("Process exited");
// }
//}
}
代码需要在 VS2007 中编译,使用命令行 csc.exe 生成的可执行文件将无法正确显示控制台输出,甚至会因 CLR20r3 错误而崩溃。把OnExited事件进程注释掉,bat到exe的控制台输出会更像原来的bat控制台输出。
只是为了好玩,这是我获得 PYTHON 输出的完整解决方案 - 通过单击按钮 - 并报告错误。只需添加一个名为“butPython”的按钮和一个名为“llHello”的标签......
private void butPython(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
llHello.Text = "Calling Python...";
this.Refresh();
Tuple<String,String> python = GoPython(@"C:\Users\BLAH\Desktop\Code\Python\BLAH.py");
llHello.Text = python.Item1; // Show result.
if (python.Item2.Length > 0) MessageBox.Show("Sorry, there was an error:" + Environment.NewLine + python.Item2);
}
public Tuple<String,String> GoPython(string pythonFile, string moreArgs = "")
{
ProcessStartInfo PSI = new ProcessStartInfo();
PSI.FileName = "py.exe";
PSI.Arguments = string.Format("\"{0}\" {1}", pythonFile, moreArgs);
PSI.CreateNoWindow = true;
PSI.UseShellExecute = false;
PSI.RedirectStandardError = true;
PSI.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
using (Process process = Process.Start(PSI))
using (StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
{
string stderr = process.StandardError.ReadToEnd(); // Error(s)!!
string result = reader.ReadToEnd(); // What we want.
return new Tuple<String,String> (result,stderr);
}
}
{YourProcessObject}.StartInfo.Arguments
字符串向您的调用添加参数。p.StandardError
流。当流变满时,似乎进程将停止,直到数据被消耗,所以我必须同时读取StandardError
和StandardOutput
以保证任务正确执行。