Await a Async Void method call for unit testing

You should avoid async void. Only use async void for event handlers. DelegateCommand is (logically) an event handler, so you can do it like this:

// Use [InternalsVisibleTo] to share internal methods with the unit test project.
internal async Task DoLookupCommandImpl(long idToLookUp)
{
  IOrder order = await orderService.LookUpIdAsync(idToLookUp);   

  // Close the search
  IsSearchShowing = false;
}

private async void DoStuff(long idToLookUp)
{
  await DoLookupCommandImpl(idToLookup);
}

and unit test it as:

[TestMethod]
public async Task TestDoStuff()
{
  //+ Arrange
  myViewModel.IsSearchShowing = true;

  // container is my Unity container and it setup in the init method.
  container.Resolve<IOrderService>().Returns(orderService);
  orderService = Substitute.For<IOrderService>();
  orderService.LookUpIdAsync(Arg.Any<long>())
              .Returns(new Task<IOrder>(() => null));

  //+ Act
  await myViewModel.DoLookupCommandImpl(0);

  //+ Assert
  myViewModel.IsSearchShowing.Should().BeFalse();
}

My recommended answer is above. But if you really want to test an async void method, you can do so with my AsyncEx library:

[TestMethod]
public void TestDoStuff()
{
  AsyncContext.Run(() =>
  {
    //+ Arrange
    myViewModel.IsSearchShowing = true;

    // container is my Unity container and it setup in the init method.
    container.Resolve<IOrderService>().Returns(orderService);
    orderService = Substitute.For<IOrderService>();
    orderService.LookUpIdAsync(Arg.Any<long>())
                .Returns(new Task<IOrder>(() => null));

    //+ Act
    myViewModel.DoLookupCommand.Execute(0);
  });

  //+ Assert
  myViewModel.IsSearchShowing.Should().BeFalse();
}

But this solution changes the SynchronizationContext for your view model during its lifetime.

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An async void method is essentially a "fire and forget" method. There is no means of getting back a completion event (without an external event, etc).

If you need to unit test this, I would recommend making it an async Task method instead. You can then call Wait() on the results, which will notify you when the method completes.

However, this test method as written would still not work, as you're not actually testing DoStuff directly, but rather testing a DelegateCommand which wraps it. You would need to test this method directly.

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I figured out a way to do it for unit testing:

[TestMethod]
public void TestDoStuff()
{
    //+ Arrange
    myViewModel.IsSearchShowing = true;

    // container is my Unity container and it setup in the init method.
    container.Resolve<IOrderService>().Returns(orderService);
    orderService = Substitute.For<IOrderService>();

    var lookupTask = Task<IOrder>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                                  {
                                      return new Order();
                                  });

    orderService.LookUpIdAsync(Arg.Any<long>()).Returns(lookupTask);

    //+ Act
    myViewModel.DoLookupCommand.Execute(0);
    lookupTask.Wait();

    //+ Assert
    myViewModel.IsSearchShowing.Should().BeFalse();
}

The key here is that because I am unit testing I can substitute in the task I want to have my async call (inside my async void) to return. I then just make sure the task has completed before I move on.

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The only way I know is to turn your async void method to async Task method

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You can use an AutoResetEvent to halt the test method until the async call completes:

[TestMethod()]
public void Async_Test()
{
    TypeToTest target = new TypeToTest();
    AutoResetEvent AsyncCallComplete = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    SuccessResponse SuccessResult = null;
    Exception FailureResult = null;

    target.AsyncMethodToTest(
        (SuccessResponse response) =>
        {
            SuccessResult = response;
            AsyncCallComplete.Set();
        },
        (Exception ex) =>
        {
            FailureResult = ex;
            AsyncCallComplete.Set();
        }
    );

    // Wait until either async results signal completion.
    AsyncCallComplete.WaitOne();
    Assert.AreEqual(null, FailureResult);
}

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The provided answer tests the command and not the async method. As mentioned above you'll need another test to test that async method as well.

After spending some time with a similar problem i found an easy wait to test an async method in a unit test by just calling in synchronously:

    protected static void CallSync(Action target)
    {
        var task = new Task(target);
        task.RunSynchronously();
    }

and the usage:

CallSync(() => myClass.MyAsyncMethod());

The test waits on this line and continues after the result is ready so we can assert immediately afterwards.

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Change your method to return a Task and you can use Task.Result

bool res = configuration.InitializeAsync(appConfig).Result;
Assert.IsTrue(res);

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I had a similar issue. In my case, the solution was to use Task.FromResult in the moq setup for .Returns(...) like so:

orderService.LookUpIdAsync(Arg.Any<long>())
    .Returns(Task.FromResult(null));

Alternatively, Moq also has a ReturnsAysnc(...) method.

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