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How can I center text (horizontally and vertically) inside a div block?

I have a div set to display:block (90px height and width), and I have some text inside.

I need the text to be aligned in the center both vertically and horizontally.

I have tried text-align:center, but it doesn't do the vertical centering part, so I tried vertical-align:middle, but it didn't work.

Any ideas?

I finally found a solution that works with relative sizes and no fixed heights: stackoverflow.com/a/16195362/1301331
It is very important to know how to center / middle elements. The below document has given a very clear picture. w3.org/Style/Examples/007/center.en.html
Here are two simple methods to center objects within divs, vertically, horizontally or both (pure CSS): stackoverflow.com/a/31977476/3597276

n
nonopolarity

If it is one line of text and/or image, then it is easy to do. Just use:

text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
line-height: 90px;       /* The same as your div height */

That's it. If it can be multiple lines, then it is somewhat more complicated. But there are solutions on http://pmob.co.uk/. Look for "vertical align".

Since they tend to be hacks or adding complicated divs... I usually use a table with a single cell to do it... to make it as simple as possible.

Update for 2020:

Unless you need make it work on earlier browsers such as Internet Explorer 10, you can use flexbox. It is widely supported by all current major browsers. Basically, the container needs to be specified as a flex container, together with centering along its main and cross axis:

#container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

To specify a fixed width for the child, which is called a "flex item":

#content {
  flex: 0 0 120px;
}

Example: http://jsfiddle.net/2woqsef1/1/

To shrink-wrap the content, it is even simpler: just remove the flex: ... line from the flex item, and it is automatically shrink-wrapped.

Example: http://jsfiddle.net/2woqsef1/2/

The examples above have been tested on major browsers including MS Edge and Internet Explorer 11.

One technical note if you need to customize it: inside of the flex item, since this flex item is not a flex container itself, the old non-flexbox way of CSS works as expected. However, if you add an additional flex item to the current flex container, the two flex items will be horizontally placed. To make them vertically placed, add the flex-direction: column; to the flex container. This is how it works between a flex container and its immediate child elements.

There is an alternative method of doing the centering: by not specifying center for the distribution on the main and cross axis for the flex container, but instead specify margin: auto on the flex item to take up all extra space in all four directions, and the evenly distributed margins will make the flex item centered in all directions. This works except when there are multiple flex items. Also, this technique works on MS Edge but not on Internet Explorer 11.

Update for 2016 / 2017:

It can be more commonly done with transform, and it works well even in older browsers such as Internet Explorer 10 and Internet Explorer 11. It can support multiple lines of text:

position: relative;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);

Example: https://jsfiddle.net/wb8u02kL/1/

To shrink-wrap the width:

The solution above used a fixed width for the content area. To use a shrink-wrapped width, use

position: relative;
float: left;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);

Example: https://jsfiddle.net/wb8u02kL/2/

If the support for Internet Explorer 10 is needed, then flexbox won't work and the method above and the line-height method would work. Otherwise, flexbox would do the job.


There's now a display: table-cell property for that, FYI. Using it makes the element behave like a table cell and allows vertical-align: middle;
If you're using font: with these, make sure you put it ahead of line-height`.
This might not be working as intended when the div contains
elements.
What if my height in %?
with this approach text text has to be in one line, otherwise you will have second line 90px below first.
J
Josh Crozier

Common techniques as of 2014:

Approach 1 - transform translateX/translateY: Example Here / Full Screen Example In supported browsers (most of them), you can use top: 50%/left: 50% in combination with translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%) to dynamically vertically/horizontally center the element. .container { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); }

Approach 2 - Flexbox method: Example Here / Full Screen Example In supported browsers, set the display of the targeted element to flex and use align-items: center for vertical centering and justify-content: center for horizontal centering. Just don't forget to add vendor prefixes for additional browser support (see example). html, body, .container { height: 100%; } .container { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }

Approach 3 - table-cell/vertical-align: middle: Example Here / Full Screen Example In some cases, you will need to ensure that the html/body element's height is set to 100%. For vertical alignment, set the parent element's width/height to 100% and add display: table. Then for the child element, change the display to table-cell and add vertical-align: middle. For horizontal centering, you could either add text-align: center to center the text and any other inline children elements. Alternatively, you could use margin: 0 auto assuming the element is block level. html, body { height: 100%; } .parent { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: table; text-align: center; } .parent > .child { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; }

Approach 4 - Absolutely positioned 50% from the top with displacement: Example Here / Full Screen Example This approach assumes that the text has a known height - in this instance, 18px. Just absolutely position the element 50% from the top, relative to the parent element. Use a negative margin-top value that is half of the element's known height, in this case - -9px. html, body, .container { height: 100%; } .container { position: relative; text-align: center; } .container > p { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0; right: 0; margin-top: -9px; }

Approach 5 - The line-height method (Least flexible - not suggested): Example Here In some cases, the parent element will have a fixed height. For vertical centering, all you have to do is set a line-height value on the child element equal to the fixed height of the parent element. Though this solution will work in some cases, it's worth noting that it won't work when there are multiple lines of text - like this. .parent { height: 200px; width: 400px; text-align: center; } .parent > .child { line-height: 200px; }

Methods 4 and 5 aren't the most reliable. Go with one of the first 3.


2. Flexbox method is the only one which works if .containers parent is absolute. 1. method makes parent to shrink because of absolute .container and 3. method simply didnt work while .parent had absolute position.
V
Vinod

Using flexbox/CSS:

<div class="box">
    <p>&#x0D05;</p>
</div>

The CSS:

.box{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

Taken from Quick Tip: The Simplest Way To Center Elements Vertically And Horizontally


Careful: Won't work in IE. You'll need to add display: -ms-flexbox; -ms-flex-align: center; -ms-flex-pack: center.
add text-align:center for inline- elements .. such as text.
Note that flexbox now has at least partial support in IE 10 and 11, and works for 97% of users according to caniuse. I don't think browser support is an argument against it anymore.
P
Peter Mortensen

Add the line display: table-cell; to your CSS content for that div.

Only table cells support the vertical-align: middle;, but you can give that [table-cell] definition to the div...

A live example is here: http://jsfiddle.net/tH2cc/

div{
    height: 90px;
    width: 90px;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid silver;
    display: table-cell; // This says treat this element like a table cell
    vertical-align:middle; // Now we can center vertically like in a TD
}

This doesn't work if position is absolute or fixed. See: jsfiddle.net/tH2cc/1636
P
Peter Mortensen

Give this CSS class to the targeted

:

.centered { width: 150px; height: 150px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center; background: red; /* Not necessary just to see the result clearly */ }

This text is centered horizontally and vertically


P
Peter Mortensen

You can try very easy code for this:

  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;

.box{ height: 90px; width: 90px; background: green; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }

Lorem

Codepen link: http://codepen.io/santoshkhalse/pen/xRmZwr


P
Peter Mortensen

I always use the following CSS for a container, to center its content horizontally and vertically.

display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: flex;

-webkit-box-align: center;
-moz-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
-webkit-align-items: center;
align-items: center;

-webkit-box-pack: center;
-moz-box-pack: center;
-ms-flex-pack: center;
-webkit-justify-content: center;
justify-content: center;

See it in action here: https://jsfiddle.net/yp1gusn7/


Í
Ícaro

You can use the flex property at the parent div and add the margin:auto property to the children items:

.parent {
    display: flex;
    /* You can change this to `row` if you want the items side by side instead of stacked */
    flex-direction: column;
}

/* Change the `p` tag to what your items child items are */
.parent p {
    margin: auto;
}

You can see more options of flex here: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/


W
WaysToGo

2020 Way

.parent{ 
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

P
Peter Mortensen

Approach 1

div { height: 90px; line-height: 90px; text-align: center; border: 2px dashed #f69c55; }

Hello, World!!

Approach 2

div { height: 200px; line-height: 200px; text-align: center; border: 2px dashed #f69c55; } span { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: normal; }

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Haec et tu ita posuisti, et verba vestra sunt. Non enim iam stirpis bonum quaeret, sed animalis.

Approach 3

div { display: table; height: 100px; width: 100%; text-align: center; border: 2px dashed #f69c55; } span { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; }

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.


P
Peter Mortensen
# Parent
{
  display:table;
}

# Child
{
  display: table-cell;
  width: 100%; // As large as its parent to center the text horizontally
  text-align: center;
  vertical-align: middle; // Vertically align this element on its parent
}

How exactly is this different than the other answers posted?
C
Codemaker

Add the following code in the parent div

 display: grid;
 place-items: center;

j
josliber
<div class="small-container">
    <span>Text centered</span>
</div>

<style>
.small-container {
    width:250px;
    height:250px;
    border:1px green solid;
    text-align:center;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    -moz-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
    -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
}
.small-container span{
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    -moz-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
    -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
}
</style>

P
Peter Mortensen

div { height: 90px; line-height: 90px; text-align: center; border: 2px dashed #f69c55; }

Hello, World!!


While this code snippet may solve the question, including an explanation really helps to improve the quality of your post. Remember that you are answering the question for readers in the future, and those people might not know the reasons for your code suggestion.
K
Kamil Kiełczewski

GRID

.center {
    display: grid;
    justify-items: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.center { display: grid; justify-items: center; align-items: center; } .box { width: 200px; height: 100px; background: red; }

My text


C
CloudyMarble

Adjusting line height to get the vertical alignment.

line-height: 90px;

Not going to downvote because it can be a solution, however this only works if you can guarantee single-line text...
a
antelove

.cell-row {display: table; width: 100%; height: 100px; background-color: lightgrey; text-align: center} .cell {display: table-cell} .cell-middle {vertical-align: middle}

Center


P
Peter Mortensen

This works for me (tested OK!):

HTML:

<div class="mydiv">
    <p>Item to be centered!</p>
</div>

CSS:

.mydiv {
    height: 100%; /* Or other */
    position: relative;
}

.mydiv p {
    margin: 0;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    margin-right: -50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%); /* To compensate own width and height */
}

You can choose other values than 50%. For example, 25% to center at 25% of parent.


P
Peter Mortensen

You can try the following methods:

If you have a single word or one line sentence, then the following code can do the trick. Have a text inside a div tag and give it an id. Define the following properties for that id. id-name { height: 90px; line-height: 90px; text-align: center; border: 2px dashed red; } Note: Make sure the line-height property is same as the height of the division. Image But, if the content is more than one single word or a line then this doesn’t work. Also, there will be times when you cannot specify the size of a division in px or % (when the division is really small and you want the content to be exactly in the middle). To solve this issue, we can try the following combination of properties. id-name { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; border: 2px dashed red; } Image These 3 lines of code sets the content exactly in the middle of a division (irrespective of the size of the display). The "align-items: center" helps in vertical centering while "justify-content: center" will make it horizontally centered. Note: Flex does not work in all browsers. Make sure you add appropriate vendor prefixes for additional browser support.


J
Jean-François Fabre

Really simple code that works for me! Just one line and your text will be centered horizontally.

.center-horizontally{
  justify-content: center;
}

<Card.Footer className="card-body-padding center-horizontally">
  <label className="support-expand-text-light">Call or email Customer Support to change</label>
</Card.Footer>

The output looks like this:

https://i.stack.imgur.com/kImDi.png


P
Peter Mortensen
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <style>
      .maindiv {
        height: 450px;
        background: #f8f8f8;
        display: -webkit-flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
      }
      p {
        font-size: 24px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div class="maindiv">
      <h1>Title</h1>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

B
Bence Végert

For me this was the best solution:

HTML:

 <div id="outer">  
     <img src="logo.png">
 </div>

CSS:

#outer {
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  /* bring your own prefixes */
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

M
Martin Tournoij

Apply style:

position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 0;
right: 0;

Your text would be centered irrespective of its length.


P
Peter Mortensen

This worked for me:

.center-stuff{
    text-align: center;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height: 230px; /* This should be the div height */
}

M
Mike Barwick

This should be the right answer. Cleanest and simplest:

.element {
  position: relative;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

What happens if transform: translateY(-50%); is not included
佚名
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>

    </head>
    <body>
        <div style ="text-align: center;">Center horizontal text</div>
        <div style ="position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);">Center vertical text</div>
    </body>
</html> 

This is good clean code. Although, you could add ID to your div tags, so that you can use them later on if necessary.
did you read previous answers? can you tell what this answer add to the previous ones?
@AmirMdAmiruzzaman can you tell us what is the cleanest part of this code :) ... I see inline styles which is not good ... also adding ID is not a good idea too, we need Classes
Duplicate of Approach 1 of Josh's answer
A
Amir Md Amiruzzaman

Try the following example. I have added examples for each category: horizontal and vertical

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <style>
            #horizontal
            {
                text-align: center;
            }
            #vertical
            {
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                left: 50%;
                transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
            }
         </style>
    </head>
    <body>
         <div id ="horizontal">Center horizontal text</div>
         <div id ="vertical">Center vertical text</div>
    </body>
</html> 

the question is about centring horizontally AND vertically also this solution is already provided before